Chemical Principles
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337247269
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl; Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Question
Chapter 4, Problem 25E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The electrolyte solution having the maximum moles of chloride ions is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Strong electrolytes show a special characteristic of complete ionization when introduced in water. The concentration of dissociated ions entirely depends on the electrolyte’s concentration. Higher the electrolyte’s moles in solution, more will be the ion’s moles ultimately leading to higher ion concentration.
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Please help me with # 4 and 5. Thanks in advance!
A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk
before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic
acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and
develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing
mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M.
Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether
it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To
achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth,
the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0.
Assumptions:
Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid
H
H
:0:0:
H-C-C
H
:0:
O-H
Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid
For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid
You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water.
Temperature is 25°C
1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to
include state symbols.…
Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product
structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s).
Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps.
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H.
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Select to Edit Arrows
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Select to Edit Arrows
H
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H
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Rotation
Select to Edit Arrows
H.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemical Principles
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