Chemical Principles
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337247269
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl; Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 4, Problem 54E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The mass percent of douglasite the sample is to be calculated.
Concept introduction: The ratio of the mass of a compound in the sample of mixture containing two or more compounds to the totalmass of the mixture multiplied by
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
(a
4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded
actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters,
al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the
same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter.
A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with
the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation.
B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your
prediction using the van Deemter terms.
C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33?
Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of
this figure.
Figure 4 SEM images of
sections of packed columns
for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d.
capillary columns.³
fcrip
= ↓ bandwidth Il temp
32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual
components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening?
Increase temperature
Longer column
Using a gas mobile phase
instead of liquid
Smaller particle stationary phase
Multiple Paths
Diffusion
Mass Transfer
34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.).
A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth.
B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or
decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer.
Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was
obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles.
35
20
H(um)
큰 20
15
90
0+
1500
100
75
550
01
02
594
05
μ(cm/sec)
30
15
10
Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemical Principles
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1DQCh. 4 - Prob. 2DQCh. 4 - Prob. 3DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4DQCh. 4 - Prob. 5DQCh. 4 - The exposed electrodes of a light bulb are placed...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7DQCh. 4 - Prob. 8DQCh. 4 - Consider separate aqueous solutions of HCland...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10DQ
Ch. 4 - Prob. 11DQCh. 4 - Characterize strong electrolytes versus weak...Ch. 4 - The figures below are molecular-level...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14ECh. 4 - Differentiate between what happens when the...Ch. 4 - Commercial cold packs and hot packs are available...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17ECh. 4 - Prob. 18ECh. 4 - Prob. 19ECh. 4 - Prob. 20ECh. 4 - Prob. 21ECh. 4 - Prob. 22ECh. 4 - Prob. 23ECh. 4 - Prob. 24ECh. 4 - Prob. 25ECh. 4 - Prob. 26ECh. 4 - Prob. 27ECh. 4 - Prob. 28ECh. 4 - Prob. 29ECh. 4 - A stock solution containing Mn2+ ions is prepared...Ch. 4 - Prob. 31ECh. 4 - Prob. 32ECh. 4 - List the formulas of three soluble bromide salts...Ch. 4 - Prob. 34ECh. 4 - Prob. 35ECh. 4 - Prob. 36ECh. 4 - Prob. 37ECh. 4 - Prob. 38ECh. 4 - Write the balanced molecular, complete, and net...Ch. 4 - How would you separate the following ions in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 41ECh. 4 - Prob. 42ECh. 4 - Prob. 43ECh. 4 - What volume of 0.100 M Na3PO4 is required to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 45ECh. 4 - Prob. 46ECh. 4 - Prob. 47ECh. 4 - The following drawings represent aqueous...Ch. 4 - Prob. 49ECh. 4 - Prob. 50ECh. 4 - Prob. 51ECh. 4 - Prob. 52ECh. 4 - Saccharin (C7H5NO3S) is sometimes dispensed in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 54ECh. 4 - A 1.42-g sample of a pure compound with formula...Ch. 4 - Prob. 56ECh. 4 - Prob. 57ECh. 4 - Prob. 58ECh. 4 - Prob. 59ECh. 4 - Prob. 60ECh. 4 - Prob. 61ECh. 4 - Prob. 62ECh. 4 - Prob. 63ECh. 4 - Sodium hydroxide solution is usually standardized...Ch. 4 - Prob. 65ECh. 4 - Prob. 66ECh. 4 - Prob. 67ECh. 4 - A student titrates an unknown amount of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 69ECh. 4 - Prob. 70ECh. 4 - Hydrochloric acid (75.0 mL of 0.250 M) is added...Ch. 4 - Prob. 72ECh. 4 - Prob. 73ECh. 4 - Prob. 74ECh. 4 - Prob. 75ECh. 4 - Prob. 76ECh. 4 - Prob. 77ECh. 4 - Prob. 78ECh. 4 - Prob. 79ECh. 4 - Balance each of the following oxidationreduction...Ch. 4 - Prob. 81ECh. 4 - Prob. 82ECh. 4 - Prob. 83ECh. 4 - Prob. 84ECh. 4 - Prob. 85ECh. 4 - Prob. 86ECh. 4 - Prob. 87ECh. 4 - Prob. 88ECh. 4 - Prob. 89ECh. 4 - Prob. 90ECh. 4 - Prob. 91AECh. 4 - Prob. 92AECh. 4 - Consider a 1.50-g mixture of magnesium nitrate...Ch. 4 - Suppose 50.0 mL of 0.250 M CoCl2 solution is added...Ch. 4 - Prob. 95AECh. 4 - A mixture contains only NaCland Fe(NO3)3 . A...Ch. 4 - A mixture contains only sodium chloride and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 98AECh. 4 - A student added 50.0 mL of an NaOH solution...Ch. 4 - In a 1-L beaker, 203 mL of 0.307 M ammonium...Ch. 4 - It took 25.060.05 mL of a sodium hydroxide...Ch. 4 - You wish to prepare 1 L of a 0.02 M potassium...Ch. 4 - Citric acid, which can be obtained from lemon...Ch. 4 - Acetylsalicylic acid is the active ingredient in...Ch. 4 - A 6.50-g sample of a diprotic acid requires 137.5...Ch. 4 - Prob. 106AECh. 4 - Chlorisondamine chloride (C14H20Cl6N2) is a drug...Ch. 4 - Calculate the concentration of all ions present...Ch. 4 - A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.6706 g...Ch. 4 - For the following chemical reactions, determine...Ch. 4 - What volume of 0.100 M NaOH is required to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 112AECh. 4 - A 450.0-mL sample of a 0.257-M solution of silver...Ch. 4 - Prob. 114AECh. 4 - A 50.00-mL sample of aqueous Ca(OH)2 requires34.66...Ch. 4 - When organic compounds containing sulfur are...Ch. 4 - Assign the oxidation state for the element listed...Ch. 4 - The blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be determined...Ch. 4 - Zinc and magnesium metal each react with...Ch. 4 - A 10.00-g sample consisting of a mixture of...Ch. 4 - Consider the reaction of 19.0 g of zinc with...Ch. 4 - Consider an experiment in which two burets, Y and...Ch. 4 - A sample is a mixture of KCl and KBr. When 0.1024...Ch. 4 - You made 100.0 mL of a lead(II) nitrate solution...Ch. 4 - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used...Ch. 4 - Prob. 126CPCh. 4 - Prob. 127CPCh. 4 - Chromium has been investigated as a coating for...Ch. 4 - Prob. 129CPCh. 4 - Three students were asked to find the identity of...Ch. 4 - A sample is a mixture of AgNO3,CuCl2,andFeCl3...Ch. 4 - Prob. 132MPCh. 4 - You have two 500.0-mL aqueous solutions. Solution...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- elow are experimentally determined van Deemter plots of column efficiency, H, vs. flow rate. H is a quantitative measurement of band broadening. The left plot is for a liquid chromatography application and the night is for gas chromatography. Compare and contrast these two plots in terms of the three band broadening mechanisms presented in this activity. How are they similar? How do they differ? Justify your answers.? 0.4 H (mm) 0.2 0.1- 0.3- 0 0.5 H (mm) 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0- 3.0 T +++ 1.0 1.5 0 2.0 4.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s) 6.0 8.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s)arrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: + H ZH NaBH3CN H+ n. ? Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Xarrow_forwardWhat is the missing reactant R in this organic reaction? + R H3O+ + • Draw the structure of R in the drawing area below. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if it's necessary to draw one particular enantiomer. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forward
- What would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1 1. PPh3 2. n-BuLi 2 • Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardThe product on the right-hand side of this reaction can be prepared from two organic reactants, under the conditions shown above and below the arrow. Draw 1 and 2 below, in any arrangement you like. 1+2 NaBH₂CN H+ N Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X $arrow_forwardExplain what is the maximum absorbance of in which caffeine absorbs?arrow_forward
- Explain reasons as to why the amount of caffeine extracted from both a singular extraction (5ml Mountain Dew) and a multiple extraction (2 x 5.0ml Mountain Dew) were severely high when compared to coca-cola?arrow_forwardProtecting Groups and Carbonyls 6) The synthesis generates allethrolone that exhibits high insect toxicity but low mammalian toxicity. They are used in pet shampoo, human lice shampoo, and industrial sprays for insects and mosquitos. Propose detailed mechanistic steps to generate the allethrolone label the different types of reagents (Grignard, acid/base protonation, acid/base deprotonation, reduction, oxidation, witting, aldol condensation, Robinson annulation, etc.) III + VI HS HS H+ CH,CH,Li III I II IV CI + P(Ph)3 V ༼ Hint: no strong base added VI S VII IX HO VIII -MgBr HgCl2,HgO HO. isomerization aqeuous solution H,SO, ༽༽༤༽༽ X MeOH Hint: enhances selectivity for reaction at the S X ☑arrow_forwardDraw the complete mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydration of this alkene. esc 田 Explanation Check 1 888 Q A slock Add/Remove step Q F4 F5 F6 A བྲA F7 $ % 5 @ 4 2 3 & 6 87 Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Ce W E R T Y U S D LL G H IK DD 요 F8 F9 F10 F1 * ( 8 9 0 O P J K L Z X C V B N M H He commandarrow_forward
- Explanation Check F1 H₂O H₂ Pd 1) MCPBA 2) H3O+ 1) Hg(OAc)2, H₂O 2) NaBH4 OH CI OH OH OH hydration halohydrin formation addition halogenation hydrogenation inhalation hydrogenation hydration ☐ halohydrin formation addition halogenation formation chelation hydrogenation halohydrin formation substitution hydration halogenation addition Ohalohydrin formation subtraction halogenation addition hydrogenation hydration F2 80 F3 σ F4 F5 F6 1 ! 2 # 3 $ 4 % 05 Q W & Å © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. F7 F8 ( 6 7 8 9 LU E R T Y U A F9arrow_forwardShow the mechanism steps to obtain the lowerenergy intermediate: *see imagearrow_forwardSoap is made by the previous reaction *see image. The main difference between one soap and another soap isthe length (number of carbons) of the carboxylic acid. However, if a soap irritates your skin, they mostlikely used too much lye.Detergents have the same chemical structure as soaps except for the functional group. Detergentshave sulfate (R-SO4H) and phosphate (R-PO4H2) functional groups. Draw the above carboxylic acidcarbon chain but as the two variants of detergents. *see imagearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Acid-Base Titration | Acids, Bases & Alkalis | Chemistry | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFqx6_Y6c2M;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY