2. Consider the data below to answer the following questions.Cyanohydrins are important intermediates in the synthesis of α-hydroxycarboxylic acids from ketones andaldehydes. The nitrile functional group can be hydrolyzed by aqueous acid to yield a carboxylic acid.Nitriles can also be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids using aqueous base. Unfortunately, when a cyanohydrinis treated with aqueous base the original carbonyl compound is isolated.OHCH-COOH0HO CNCH30*C.HHHC NNaOHH₂OC=O0cyanohydrinH+ NaCN + H₂O

CN- act as nucleophile as it has negative charge as well as lone pair of electrons, while…

Answered: 2. Consider the data below to answer…

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

7th Edition

ISBN:9781285853918

Author:H. Stephen Stoker

Publisher:H. Stephen Stoker

Chapter16: Carboxylic Acids, Esters, And Other Acid Derivatives

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16.99EP

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Hydration of aldehydes and ketones can be catalyzed by acid or base. Bases catalyze hydration by: protonating the carbonyl oxygen making the carbonyl group more electrophilic employing hydroxide ion, which is a better nucleophile than water making the carbonyl group less electrophilic shifting the equilibrium position of the reaction to favor products
Draw the molecules involved in the synthesis of aspirin. Is the forward reaction hydrolysis or condensation? Is the reverse reaction hydrolysis or condensation? Describe what occurs un each type of reaction with respect to acetylsalicylic acid.
4. Draw the following molecules. 3-(N-methylamino)butanal p-N,N-diethylaminophenol o-ethoxyaniline (R)-butan-2-amine N-cyclopentyl-N-tert-butyloctanamine
18-28 Arrange these compounds in order of increasing acidity: benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, phenol.
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3
Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Part A Given 7.30 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. Part B A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. Part C The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.30 gg of…
Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Given 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.50 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess…
In biochemical reactions, decarboxylation of carboxylic acids typically takes place for-keto carboxylic acids. Justify a rational why nature opted for-keto carboxylic acid decarboxylation. Among the following types of biochemical reactions, ester hydrolysis, rearrangement reactions, water elimination reactions, and anhydride hydrolyses, which one is the most favorable one. Rank the above reactions types in the order of being the most to least favorable reaction
2. Draw the structural formulas for the reactants and products for the following reactions. Name the organic product that forms D and E
What is the major advantage of base-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters over acid-catalyzed hydrolysis?
11. Write the chemical reaction for the acid hydrolysis of each amide sample. Include the 유 condensed structural formulas of the reactants and products. 11 CH3-C-NH₂ +H20+HCI CH3-C-OH + NH4+ CI- ACETAMIDE SO -NH2 +H20 T → 0 COOH + NH 3 11

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