(a)
Interpretation:
Structural formula for the given
Concept Introduction:
Structure of the given aldehyde can be drawn from the IUPAC name. In the IUPAC name, the parent chain of carbon atom can be identified and then the substituents present in it can also be identified. With these information, the structure for the given compound can be drawn. In an aldehyde the counting has to be always from the carbonyl carbon that is given the number 1.
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- • Expanded structural formula
- • Condensed structural formula
- • Skeletal structural formula
- • Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
(a)
Answer to Problem 4.25EP
The structural formula for formaldehyde is,
Explanation of Solution
The given name of the compound is formaldehyde. From the name it is understood that the parent carbon chain is methane and it contains only one carbon atom. Two hydrogen atoms are attached to the carbonyl carbon atom. The structure of formaldehyde is given below,
Structural formula for the given aldehyde is drawn.
(b)
Interpretation:
Structural formula for the given aldehyde has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Structure of the given aldehyde can be drawn from the IUPAC name. In the IUPAC name, the parent chain of carbon atom can be identified and then the substituents present in it can also be identified. With these information, the structure for the given compound can be drawn. In an aldehyde the counting has to be always from the carbonyl carbon that is given the number 1.
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- • Expanded structural formula
- • Condensed structural formula
- • Skeletal structural formula
- • Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
(b)
Answer to Problem 4.25EP
The structural formula for propionaldehyde is,
Explanation of Solution
The given name of the compound is propionaldehyde. From the name it is understood that the parent carbon chain is propane and it contains three carbon atoms. The parent chain can be drawn as shown below,
From the name of the given aldehyde, the substituents that are present can be identified. In this case, there are no substitutents. The first carbon atom has to be the carbonyl carbon atom as the given compound is an aldehyde.
Carbon atom has a valence of four. Hence, carbon atom can form four covalent bonds. The remaining bonds are satisfied by hydrogen atom. The structure is obtained as shown below,
Structural formula for the given aldehyde is drawn.
(c)
Interpretation:
Structural formula for the given aldehyde has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Structure of the given aldehyde can be drawn from the IUPAC name. In the IUPAC name, the parent chain of carbon atom can be identified and then the substituents present in it can also be identified. With these information, the structure for the given compound can be drawn. In an aldehyde the counting has to be always from the carbonyl carbon that is given the number 1.
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- • Expanded structural formula
- • Condensed structural formula
- • Skeletal structural formula
- • Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
(c)
Answer to Problem 4.25EP
The structural formula for 2-chlorobenzaldehyde is,
Explanation of Solution
The given name of the compound is 2-chlorobenzaldehyde. From the name it is understood that the parent carbon chain is benzene ring. The parent chain can be drawn as shown below,
From the name of the given aldehyde, the substituents that are present can be identified. In this case, the substituent is a chloro group in the second carbon atom. The first carbon atom has to be the carbonyl carbon atom as the given compound is an aldehyde.
Carbon atom has a valence of four. Hence, carbon atom can form four covalent bonds. The remaining bonds are satisfied by hydrogen atom. The structure is obtained as shown below,
Structural formula for the given aldehyde is drawn.
(d)
Interpretation:
Structural formula for the given aldehyde has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Structure of the given aldehyde can be drawn from the IUPAC name. In the IUPAC name, the parent chain of carbon atom can be identified and then the substituents present in it can also be identified. With these information, the structure for the given compound can be drawn. In an aldehyde the counting has to be always from the carbonyl carbon that is given the number 1.
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- • Expanded structural formula
- • Condensed structural formula
- • Skeletal structural formula
- • Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
(d)
Answer to Problem 4.25EP
The structural formula for 2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde is,
Explanation of Solution
The given name of the compound is 2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde. From the name it is understood that the parent carbon chain is benzene ring. The parent chain can be drawn as shown below,
From the name of the given aldehyde, the substituents that are present can be identified. In this case, the substituents are two methyl groups, each on second carbon atom and fourth carbon atom. The first carbon atom has to be the carbonyl carbon atom as the given compound is an aldehyde.
Carbon atom has a valence of four. Hence, carbon atom can form four covalent bonds. The remaining bonds are satisfied by hydrogen atom. The structure is obtained as shown below,
Structural formula for the given aldehyde is drawn.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- TRANSMITTANCE เบบ Please identify the one structure below that is consistent with the 'H NMR and IR spectra shown and draw its complete structure in the box below with the protons alphabetically labeled as shown in the NMR spectrum and label the IR bands, including sp³C-H and sp2C-H stretch, indicated by the arrows. D 4000 OH LOH H₂C CH3 OH H₂C OCH3 CH3 OH 3000 2000 1500 HAVENUMBERI-11 1000 LOCH3 Draw your structure below and label its equivalent protons according to the peak labeling that is used in the NMR spectrum in order to assign the peaks. Integrals indicate number of equivalent protons. Splitting patterns are: s=singlet, d=doublet, m-multiplet 8 3Hb s m 1Hd s 3Hf m 2Hcd 2Had 1He 鄙视 m 7 7 6 5 4 3 22 500 T 1 0arrow_forwardRelative Transmittance 0.995 0.99 0.985 0.98 Please draw the structure that is consistent with all the spectral data below in the box and alphabetically label the equivalent protons in the structure (Ha, Hb, Hc ....) in order to assign all the proton NMR peaks. Label the absorption bands in the IR spectrum indicated by the arrows. INFRARED SPECTRUM 1 0.975 3000 2000 Wavenumber (cm-1) 1000 Structure with assigned H peaks 1 3 180 160 140 120 100 f1 (ppm) 80 60 40 20 0 C-13 NMR note that there are 4 peaks between 120-140ppm Integral values equal the number of equivalent protons 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 fl (ppm)arrow_forwardCalculate the pH of 0.0025 M phenol.arrow_forward
- In the following reaction, the OH- acts as which of these? NO2-(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ OH-(aq) + HNO2(aq)arrow_forwardUsing spectra attached, can the unknown be predicted? Draw the predicition. Please explain and provide steps. Molecular focrmula:C16H13ClOarrow_forwardCalculate the percent ionization for 0.0025 M phenol. Use the assumption to find [H3O+] first. K = 1.0 x 10-10arrow_forward
- The Ka for sodium dihydrogen phosphate is 6.32 x 10-8. Find the pH of a buffer made from 0.15 M H2PO4- and 0.25 M HPO42- .arrow_forwardThe Ka for lactic acid is 1.4 x 10-4. Find the pH of a buffer made from 0.066 M lactic acid and 0.088 M sodium lactate.arrow_forwardZaitsev's Rule 3) (a) Rank the following alkenes in order of decreasing stability. most stable A B C D > > > (b) Rank the following carbocations in order of decreasing stability least stable B C Darrow_forward
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