Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781118743164
Author: Jacquelyn G. Black, Laura J. Black
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.1SC
Most prokaryotes lack sterols in their plasma membranes. What functions do sterols, such as cholesterol, fulfill in eukaryotic plasma membranes?
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Steroids such as Estrogen or Testosterone are lipids which are found in the cytoplasm of living cells. They can pass across (dissolve in) the proto cell and prokaryote phospholipid bilayer because they: a) perform dehydration synthesis, b) dissolve in water, c) are ionic, d) they a soluble in the Fatty Acids of the bilayer, e) none are true.
Many eukaryote cells are NOT able to synthesize (make their own) the amino acids that they require to conduct life processes. When such a cell is placed in an aqueous (water) solution containing the 20 essential amino acids, one would expect that
a) nothing would happen.
b) amino acids would be moved into the cell by specific membrane transport proteins.
c) H2O would dissolve in the membrane.
d) the cell would make Glucose into amino acids.
e) the cell would divide.
A single celled, prokaryote organism has the ability to use the Na+/K+ pump in their cell membrane to move Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell. The Na+ /K+ pump is an example of a functional protein because it
a) is a Polypeptide presents specific shapes that interact with (binds with) specific molecules,
b) uses electrical interactions with these molecules to produce change in its shape or motion.
C) interacts with specific molecules based on the fit of the molecule into specific active sites in the protein,
d) As a result of the interaction with specific molecules, it can bind with ATP and use the bond energy in the ATP molecule to move the target molecule(s).
e) all the answers are true.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Ch. 4 - Are viruses prokaryotes? Eukaryotes? Why or why...Ch. 4 - Compare surface-to-volume ratios of prokaryotes...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1.3SCCh. 4 - Prokaryotes lack mitochondria. What structure does...Ch. 4 - Compare peptidoglycan and teichoic acid as to...Ch. 4 - What takes place in the periplasmic space? Which...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2.3SCCh. 4 - Compare the cell walls of Gram-positive,...Ch. 4 - How do bacteria move in chemotaxis? Distinguish...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3.2SC
Ch. 4 - Prob. 3.3SCCh. 4 - Distinguish between nucleus and nucleoid.Ch. 4 - Most prokaryotes lack sterols in their plasma...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2SCCh. 4 - Give two specific arguments that support the idea...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 4 - Your roommate has noticed that you now spend most...Ch. 4 - Many of todays antibacterial drugs work by...Ch. 4 - According to the endosymbiotic theory, the...Ch. 4 - Most prokaryotes range in size from 0.5 to 2.0 m,...Ch. 4 - Attribute each of the following to either P,...Ch. 4 - Match the following bacterial morphology...Ch. 4 - Which of the following statement about the...Ch. 4 - Bacteria such as Mycoplasma that lack cell walls...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6SQCh. 4 - Prob. 7SQCh. 4 - Match the following bacterial locomotion and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9SQCh. 4 - Prob. 10SQCh. 4 - Prob. 11SQCh. 4 - Prob. 12SQCh. 4 - Glucose is often present in very low...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14SQCh. 4 - Peptidoglycan digested from Gram-______ bacteria...Ch. 4 - Prob. 16SQCh. 4 - Prob. 17SQCh. 4 - Prob. 18SQCh. 4 - Mitosis differs from meiosis in the following ways...Ch. 4 - For each of the lettered regions identified on...
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- A spheroidal bacterium with a diameter of 1.0 μm (micrometer, 1 μm = 10-6) contains 25,000 molecules of the protein hexokinase. What is the molar concentration of the protein inside the cell?arrow_forwardIn eukaryotic cells, metabolic pathways occur in specific locations, such as the mitochondrion or the cytosol.What sort of transport processes are required as a result?arrow_forwardEach of the ff. involves a disorder in the function of an organelle or other cell structure. Identify the cell organelle or cell structure involved and indicate whether it is likely to be underactive or active. a) A baby is placed on a low phenylalanine diet as his newborn screening results revealed that he inherited phenylketonuria. b) A girl suddenly felt weak and manifested cyanide poisoning symptoms after ingesting undercooked cassava which contains cyanoglycosides. c) A man develops pleiomorphic liposarcoma (rare cancer). The cause of the problem is a hard mass of cells in his right inner thigh that rapidly increased in size in a matter of 2 months. d) A male chef learns that he is infertile because his sperm are non-motile. Helping tags: biology, cell biology, cell structure, cell organellearrow_forward
- Which is true of ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells? They: A) contain DNA B) synthesize carbohydrates C) are attached to the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and carry out the synthesis of proteins D) are found inside the endoplasmic reticulum E) are originally found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in prokaryotic cells.arrow_forwardA group of curious scientists were tasked to design various synthetic cell membranes that could be used to simulatecellular activities of different organisms. Help the researchers assemble the structure of the major lipid component for a cell membrane that is appropriate to study the following and briefly explain your answer. a) a prokaryotic cell thriving in a geyser at the Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, USA b) a muscle cell of a salmon fry in the Arctic Ocean c) a frog neurocyte Please draw the structures clearly. Chemical structures of the compounds that are available are shown on the picture. HELPING TAGS: Biology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Molecular Biologyarrow_forwardWhat is the energetic driving force for the formation of phospholipid bilayers?arrow_forward
- Question 14 Secondary protein structure occurs due to: a) hydrogen bonding b) ionic bonding c) covalent bonding d) hydrophobic interactions e) all of the above Question 15 A substance binds to a receptor on the cell membrane. Several moments later the substance can be found inside a vesicle inside the cell. This is an example of: a) exocytosis b) phagocytosis c) pinocytosis d) receptor-mediated endocytosis e) regulated secretion Question 16 ( Why is olive oil a liquid and lard a solid at room temperature? A) atoms of the lard are held together by ionic bonds B) olive oil is unsaturated, while lard is a saturated fat C) some of the carbon bonds in lard are double bonds D) oil has more non-polar bondsarrow_forwardFatty acids that are ester-bonded to glycerol (as glycerol-3-phosphate membrane lipids) can be found in all of the following eukaryotic organelles except: the mitochondrion the ribosome the peroxisome the nucleus the lysosomearrow_forwardWhen a prokaryote cell is placed in a hypertonic solution (water with a higher energy level compared to inside the cell), one would expect that H2O would: A) diffuse out of the cell through the lipid section of the phospholipid bilayer B) cause protein synthesis C) move using active transport proteins D) diffuse through Endoplasmic reticulum portal protein E) diffuse through portal proteins of the cell membranearrow_forward
- In eukaryotic cells, ribosmes are found in the cytosol and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Where will the proteins synthesized at each location?arrow_forwardWhat are the three cytoskeletal elements observed in eukaryotic cells? What are their functions? Do eukaryotic microbes have all three elements?arrow_forwardProkaryotic cells are very small and appear to be restricted in terms of their size, but eukaryotic cells can grow much larger. In 4-5 sentences and only using course content, explain why this upper limit on size exists in prokaryotic cells.arrow_forward
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