Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781118743164
Author: Jacquelyn G. Black, Laura J. Black
Publisher: WILEY
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 2CTQ
Many of today’s antibacterial drugs work by interfering with the growth of cell walls. Why do those drugs tend to have little toxicity to human cells?
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Some antibiotics fail to kill/inhibit a pathogen simply because the microbe is naturally (intrinsically) resistant to it.
True or False ?
Penicillin uses which mechanism of antibiotic action against bacterial cells?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Alteration of cell membranes
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
Many pathogenic bacteria are unable to make some of the metabolic compounds needed for growth and have instead evolved enzymes that enable the bacteria to actually invade human body cells. What do these bacteria expect to accomplish by this practice?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Ch. 4 - Are viruses prokaryotes? Eukaryotes? Why or why...Ch. 4 - Compare surface-to-volume ratios of prokaryotes...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1.3SCCh. 4 - Prokaryotes lack mitochondria. What structure does...Ch. 4 - Compare peptidoglycan and teichoic acid as to...Ch. 4 - What takes place in the periplasmic space? Which...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2.3SCCh. 4 - Compare the cell walls of Gram-positive,...Ch. 4 - How do bacteria move in chemotaxis? Distinguish...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3.2SC
Ch. 4 - Prob. 3.3SCCh. 4 - Distinguish between nucleus and nucleoid.Ch. 4 - Most prokaryotes lack sterols in their plasma...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2SCCh. 4 - Give two specific arguments that support the idea...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 4 - Your roommate has noticed that you now spend most...Ch. 4 - Many of todays antibacterial drugs work by...Ch. 4 - According to the endosymbiotic theory, the...Ch. 4 - Most prokaryotes range in size from 0.5 to 2.0 m,...Ch. 4 - Attribute each of the following to either P,...Ch. 4 - Match the following bacterial morphology...Ch. 4 - Which of the following statement about the...Ch. 4 - Bacteria such as Mycoplasma that lack cell walls...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6SQCh. 4 - Prob. 7SQCh. 4 - Match the following bacterial locomotion and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9SQCh. 4 - Prob. 10SQCh. 4 - Prob. 11SQCh. 4 - Prob. 12SQCh. 4 - Glucose is often present in very low...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14SQCh. 4 - Peptidoglycan digested from Gram-______ bacteria...Ch. 4 - Prob. 16SQCh. 4 - Prob. 17SQCh. 4 - Prob. 18SQCh. 4 - Mitosis differs from meiosis in the following ways...Ch. 4 - For each of the lettered regions identified on...
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- (a) Describe how a microorganism may become resistant to a drug to which it was previously susceptible. (b) What can health care workers do to help prevent the development of drug resistant microbes? (c) What can you do on a personal level to help prevent the development of drug resistant microbes? 2.arrow_forwardAntibiotic resistant bacteria are commonly found in hospitals. Why do you think that is?arrow_forwardWhat is the mode of action of most antifungal drugs? inhibition of RNA synthesis disruption of membranes destruction of chitin inhibition of protein synthesis inhibition of folic acid precursor synthesisarrow_forward
- Why do you think some natural compounds are able to kill bacteria?arrow_forwardIn the last century, Paul Ehrlich dreamed of a “magic drug” that could eliminate pathogens while preserving the body cells' health. Can you explain the specific actions of antibiotics to destroy bacteria?arrow_forwardThe type of antimicrobial drug that would be most likely to have toxic effects in humans based on the premise of selective toxicity when treating microbial infection would be a drug that O 1) inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall O 2) inhibits metabolic pathways O 3) disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane 4) inhibits protein synthesis 5) All of the above have equal potential to be toxicarrow_forward
- What is the significance of antibiotics in medicine?arrow_forwardWhich of the following mechanisms of action of antibiotics has the fewest side effects? protein synthesis cell wall synthesis DNA replication synthesis of essential metabolites enzymatic activityarrow_forwardMany people use antimicrobial soap to kill bacteria on their hands. However, overuse may increase the risk of infection. How could this occur?arrow_forward
- Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement.Which of the following modes of action would be most selectively toxic? a. interrupting ribosomal function b. dissolving the cell membrane c. preventing cell wall synthesis d. inhibiting DNA replicationarrow_forwardWhy do pathogenic bacteria make enzymes? Name one enzyme that affects blood clotting (or clots) and one enzyme that affects cells or tissues. Explain in each case why the enzyme is important (useful) to the pathogen.arrow_forwardSome bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase, which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, which is harmless to bacteria. This is an example of which of the following mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? which option below is the answer? Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic by the microbe Preventing penetration to the target site within the microbe Alteration of the drug’s target site(s) within the microbe None of the other four answers are correct Rapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out of the microbial cellarrow_forward
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