Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 4, Problem 28QLP
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What is the significance of decarburization? Give some examples.
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Compared to substitutional atoms, small amounts of interstitials produce much larger change in hardening. State at least two reasons and draw Figures with the explanation?
To increase the hardness of a steel gear, it was carburized at 850oC by introducing 1.3%C at its steel surface. What will be the final carbon content 1.4 mm beneath the surface if this treatment was lasted for 26 hours. The initial carbon content of steel is 0.1%C. (gas constant is 8.31 j/mol.K)
For the solidification of nickel, calculate the critical radius r* and the activation energy ΔG* if nucleation is homogeneous. Values for the latent heat of fusion and surface free energy are -2.53×109 J/m3 and 0.255 J/m2, respectively. The supercooling value ΔT for the homogeneous nucleation of Ni is 319 oC. The melting point for Ni is 1455 oC.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 4 - Describe the difference between a solute and a...Ch. 4 - What is a solid solution?Ch. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Describe the difference between a single-phase and...Ch. 4 - What is an induction heater? What kind of part...Ch. 4 - Describe the major features of a phase diagram.Ch. 4 - What do the terms equilibrium and constitutional,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - What is tempering? Why is it performed?Ch. 4 - Explain what is meant by severity of quenching.
Ch. 4 - What are precipitates? Why are they significant in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12RQCh. 4 - Prob. 13RQCh. 4 - Prob. 14RQCh. 4 - Prob. 15RQCh. 4 - You may have seen some technical literature on...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17QLPCh. 4 - What is the difference between hardness and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19QLPCh. 4 - Prob. 20QLPCh. 4 - Prob. 21QLPCh. 4 - Describe the characteristics of (a) an alloy, (b)...Ch. 4 - Explain why carbon, among all elements, is so...Ch. 4 - Prob. 24QLPCh. 4 - In Section 4.8.2, several fluids are listed in...Ch. 4 - Why is it important to know the characteristics of...Ch. 4 - Explain why, in the abscissa of Fig. 4.16c, the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 28QLPCh. 4 - Prob. 29QLPCh. 4 - Prob. 30QLPCh. 4 - Design a heat-treating cycle for carbon steel,...Ch. 4 - Using Fig. 4.4, estimate the following quantities...Ch. 4 - Prob. 33QTPCh. 4 - Prob. 34QTPCh. 4 - Prob. 35SDPCh. 4 - Figure 4.18b shows hardness distributions in...Ch. 4 - Throughout this chapter, you have seen specific...Ch. 4 - Refer to Fig. 4.24, and think of a variety of...Ch. 4 - Inspect various parts in your car or home, and...
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- Question-6. For solidification of a piece of FCC-metal at 860 °C. The melting point of the metal is 1260 °C. The latent heat of fusion and surface free energy are -2.16 x108 J/m³ and 0.126 J/m², respectively. If nucleation is homogeneous, answer the following questions: (a) Compute the critical radius r* in nm (b) Compute the activation free energy AG* in J (c) If the lattice parameter is 0.26 nm at the melting temperature, compute the number of atoms found in a nucleus of critical size (d) Compute the critical radius at the supercooling degree of 260 K.arrow_forwardExplain how a “shrink-wrapping" experiment could be performed to encapsulate a Cs* ion in a fullerene. Relate this process to Eulers Law and the concept of closed carbon structures.arrow_forwardWhat is the general form of a eutectic reaction?arrow_forward
- Why the volume change as low as 0.5 percent can cause grain fractures during phase transformation of ceramics? Given that the elastic modulus of the ceramic is 250 GPa and Poisson ration is 0.2. You need to calculate the thermal stress due to the volume changearrow_forward4arrow_forwardExample: Two pieces of the same aluminium alloy were Precipitation Hardened; one by Natural Aging (25°C) and one by Artificial Aging (180°C). If it took 10 minutes for the Natural Aged specimen to reach a RHB of 43 and it took only 3 minutes for the Artificial Aged specimen to reach a RHB of 43, determine the Activation Energy, Q, for the aluminium alloy.arrow_forward
- Ql: For homogeneous nucleation of iron, calculate the activation free energy, critical radius and number of atoms found in a critical size nucleus. If the Iron melting temperature 1538°C, super cooling 295°C, surface free energy 0.204J/m?, latent heat of fusion -1.85x10° and lattice parameter 0.292 nm.arrow_forwardThe melting point of a adamantiumis 740°C, the associated heat of fusion is 12kJ/mol, and the heat capacities of the solid andliquid phases are 30.2 and 37.8J K−1mol−1,respectively. (a) Calculate the change in molarentropy of adamantium that is heated from 700°Cto 800°C. (b) What is the change in the molarenthalpyarrow_forwardProblem 2 Consider the gas carburizing of a gear 1020 steel at 927°C. Calculate the time (in minute) necessary to increase the carbon content to 0.40 wt% at 0.5 mm below the surface. Assume that the carbon content at the surface 0.9 wt% and that the steel has a nominal carbon content of 0.2 wt%. Given: Diffusivity of C in Fe at 9270C is 1.28 x 10-11 m²s-1, activation energy is 148 kJmol-1, gas constant is 8.31 Jmol-1K-1, if erf (Z) = 0.7143, Z = 0.755. %3Darrow_forward
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Explanation of Solidification of Metals & Alloys | Manufacturing Processes; Author: Magic Marks;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5z9KknF_s8;License: Standard Youtube License