Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 35, Problem 10RQ
What is the term for protein channels that connect two neurons at an electrical synapse?
- synaptic vesicles
- voltage-gated ion channels
- gap junction protein
- sodium-potassium exchange pumps
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The above repolarization of a neuron will result in which of the following ionic currents?
a potassium current will transport K+ ions out of the cytoplasm
a sodium current will transport Na+ ions out of the cytoplasm
a potassium current will transport K+ ions into the cytoplasm
a sodium current will transport Na+ ions into the cytoplasm
a sodium current will transport K+ ions into the cytoplasm
There is a short delay in the action potential in the nerve terminal to the membrane depolarization in postsynaptic cell. Why does this occur? (Choose one or more)
Which of the following statements about voltage gated channels is true?
Voltage-gated sodium channels open at a higher (more positive) membrane potential than do potassium-gated channels
Voltage-gated sodium channels open at a lower (more negative) membrane potential than do potassium-gated channels
Sodium- and postassium-gated channels open at about the same membrane potential, but they have different effects because there are different numbers of the two kinds of channels in neuron cell membranes
Chapter 35 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 35 - Figure 35.3 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 35 - Figure 35.11 Potassium channel blockers, such as...Ch. 35 - Figure 35.26 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 35 - Neurons contain _____ which can receive_____...Ch. 35 - A(n)______neuron has one axon and one____ dendrite...Ch. 35 - Glia that provide myelin for neurons in the brain...Ch. 35 - Meningitis is a viral or bacterial infection of...Ch. 35 - For a neuron to fire an action potential, its...Ch. 35 - After an action potential, the opening of...Ch. 35 - What is the term for protein channels that connect...
Ch. 35 - Which of the following molecules is not involved...Ch. 35 - Thelobe contains the visual cortex frontal...Ch. 35 - Theconnects the two cerebral hemispheres. limbic...Ch. 35 - Neurons in Thecontrol motor reflexes. thalamus...Ch. 35 - Phineas Gage was a 19th century railroad worker...Ch. 35 - Activation of the sympathetic nervous system...Ch. 35 - Where are parasympathetic preganglionic cell...Ch. 35 - ______ is released by motor nerve endings onto...Ch. 35 - Parkinson’s disease is a caused by the...Ch. 35 - __________ medications are often used to treat...Ch. 35 - Strokes are often caused by. neurodegeneration...Ch. 35 - Why is it difficult to identify the cause of many...Ch. 35 - Why do many patients with neurodevelopmentaJ...Ch. 35 - How are neurons similar to other cells? How are...Ch. 35 - Multiple sclerosis causes demyelination of axons...Ch. 35 - Many neurons have only a single axon, but many...Ch. 35 - How does myelin aid propagation of an action...Ch. 35 - What are the main steps in chemical...Ch. 35 - Describe how long-term potentiation can lead to a...Ch. 35 - What methods can be used to determine the function...Ch. 35 - What are the main functions of the spinal cord?Ch. 35 - Alzheimer’s disease involves three of the four...Ch. 35 - What are the main differences between the...Ch. 35 - What are the main functions of the sensory somatic...Ch. 35 - Describe how the sensory-somatic nervous system...Ch. 35 - Scientists have suggested that the autonomic...Ch. 35 - What are the main symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease?Ch. 35 - What are possible treatments for patients with...
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- An action potential is regarded as an example of positive feedback. Which of the following examples below best illustrates the positive feedback aspect of an action potential? Voltage gated potassium ion channels open slowly and remain open long enough to cause hyperpolarization The sodium potassium pump consistently moves ions as long as ATP is available, and regardless of membrane potential changes. A threshold stimulus will cause the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels that will cause further depolarization by opening still more voltage gated sodium ion channels along the axon.arrow_forwardWhat is responsible for action potentials propagating in one direction? The inactivation of voltage gated sodium channels The sodium potassium pump and the potassium leak channels The inactivation of voltage gated potassium channels The inactivation of ligand gated sodium channels The inactivation of ligand gated potassium channelsarrow_forwardWhich of the following takes place during an action potential? Na+ ions exit the cell causing depolarization Repolarization occurs when K+ ions enter the cell The membrane becomes more negative during depolarization K+ ions start the action potentials Na+ enters the cell making the membrane potential positive.arrow_forward
- Which of the following describes temporal summation? Two pre-synaptic cells send alternating signals to depolarize and then hyperpolarize. Two pre-synaptic cells send simultaneous signals to hyperpolarize. One pre-synaptic cell sends a signal to depolarize and another cell simultaneously sends a signal to hyperpolarize. One presynaptic cell sends a repeated signal to depolarize. Two pre-synaptic cells send simultaneous signals to depolarize.arrow_forwardWhat happens to sodium channels and potassium channels during repolarization of a neuron? both potassium channels and sodium channels remain closed the sodium channels close, followed by opening of the potassium channels both sodium channels and potassium channels remain closed the sodium channels open, but the potassium channels remain closed both potassium channels and sodium channels remain openarrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between the sodium-potassium pump and a neuron's resting membrane potential? The sodium-potassium pump allows three negatively charged sodium ions out of the cell for every two negatively charged potassium ions allowed into the cell, there by keeping the cell positively charged and at a resting membrane potential The sodium-potassium pump allows three positively charged potassium ions out of the cell for every two positively charged sodium ions allowed into the cell, thereby keeping the cell negatively charged and at a resting membrane potential 100 The sodium-potassium pump allows three positively charged sodium ions out of the cell for every two positively charged potassium ions allowed into the cell, thereby keeping the cell negatively charged and at a resting membrane potential The sodium-potassium pump allows three negatively charged potassium ions out of the cell for every two negatively charged sodium ions allowed into the cell, thereby keeping the cell…arrow_forward
- Classify each phrase as describing ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, or both. Ligand-gated ion channels a form of passive transport Voltage-gated ion channels include the acetylcholine receptor change conformation in response to changing membrane potential Answer Bank may participate in an action potential Both change conformation in response to a signal molecule bindingarrow_forwardWhich mechanism consumes energy to move ions across the neuron cell membrane? sodium-potassium (Na"/K") ion pumps chemically-gated ion channels indirectly coupled receptors neurotransmitter activated ion pumpsarrow_forwardWhich channel membrane protein is specifically important in the process of neurotransmitter release at the synapse? voltage-dependent (gated) chloride channels. voltage-dependent (gated) potassium channels. voltage-dependent (gated) sodium channels. O voltage-dependent (gated) calcium channels.arrow_forward
- List number 1-7arrow_forwardWhich of the following describes a threshold potential? A brief reversal of the charge difference across a neuron's plasma membrane The membrane potential at which voltage-gated sodium channels in a neuron axon open, causing an action potential The membrane potential of a neuron at restarrow_forwardWhat causes Hyperpolarization following the spike of the action potential? Voltage-gated K+ channels close slowly allowing K+ ions to leave the cell The opening of leaky Na+ channels The Na+/K+ pump briefly reverses the direction of ion flow Both Na+ channels and K+ channels become inactivated Na+ and Cl- enter the cell until the Na+/Cl- pump closesarrow_forward
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