College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168048
Author: Paul Peter Urone, OpenStax, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 34, Problem 26CQ
Not only is liquid nitrogen a cheaper coolant than liquid helium, its boiling point is higher (77 K vs. 4.2 K). How does higher temperature help lower the cost of cooling a material? Explain in terms of the rate of
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Chapter 34 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 34 - Explain why it only appears that we are at the...Ch. 34 - If there is no observable edge to the universe,...Ch. 34 - If the universe is infinite, does it have a...Ch. 34 - Another known cause of red shift in light is the...Ch. 34 - If some unknown cause of red shiftsuch as light...Ch. 34 - Olbers’s paradox poses an interesting question: If...Ch. 34 - If the cosmic microwave background radiation...Ch. 34 - The decay of one type of Kmeson is cited as...Ch. 34 - Distances to local galaxies are determined by...Ch. 34 - Distances to very remote galaxies are estimated...
Ch. 34 - If the smallest meaningful time interval is...Ch. 34 - Quantum gravity, if developed, would be an...Ch. 34 - Does observed gravitational lensing correspond to...Ch. 34 - Suppose you measure the red shifts of all the...Ch. 34 - What are gravitational waves, and have they yet...Ch. 34 - Is the event horizon of a black hole the actual...Ch. 34 - Suppose black holes radiate their mass away and...Ch. 34 - Discuss the possibility that star velocities at...Ch. 34 - How does relativistic time dilation prohibit...Ch. 34 - If neutrino oscillations do occur, will they...Ch. 34 - Lacking direct evidence of WIMPs as dark matter,...Ch. 34 - Must a complex system be adaptive to be of...Ch. 34 - State a necessary condition for a System to be...Ch. 34 - What is critical temperature Tc? Do all materials...Ch. 34 - Explain how good thermal contact with liquid...Ch. 34 - Not only is liquid nitrogen a cheaper coolant than...Ch. 34 - For experimental evidence particularly of...Ch. 34 - Discuss whether you think there are limits to what...Ch. 34 - Find the approximate mass of the luminous matter...Ch. 34 - Find the approximate mass of the dark and luminous...Ch. 34 - (a) Estimate the mass of the luminous matter in...Ch. 34 - If a galaxy is 500 Mly away from us, how fast do...Ch. 34 - On average, how far away are galaxies mat are...Ch. 34 - Our solar system orbits the center of the Milky...Ch. 34 - (a) What is the approximate speed relative to us...Ch. 34 - (a) Calculate The approximate age of the universe...Ch. 34 - Assuming a circular orbit for the Sun about the...Ch. 34 - (a) What is the approximate force of gravity on a...Ch. 34 - Andromeda galaxy is the closest large galaxy and...Ch. 34 - (a) A particle and its antiparticle are at rest...Ch. 34 - The average particle energy needed to observe...Ch. 34 - The peak intensity of the CMBR occurs at a...Ch. 34 - (a) What Hubble constant corresponds to an...Ch. 34 - Show that the velocity of a star orbiting its...Ch. 34 - The core of a star collapses during a supernova,...Ch. 34 - Using data from the previous problem, find the...Ch. 34 - Distances to the nearest stars (up to 500 by away)...Ch. 34 - (a) Use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to...Ch. 34 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a star moving...Ch. 34 - What is the Schwarzschild radius of a blank hole...Ch. 34 - Black holes with masses smaller than muse formed...Ch. 34 - Supermassive black holes are thought to exist at...Ch. 34 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a supermassive...Ch. 34 - The characteristic length of entities in...Ch. 34 - If the dark matter in the Milky Way were composed...Ch. 34 - The critical mass density needed to just halt the...Ch. 34 - Assume the average density of the universe is 0.1...Ch. 34 - To get an idea of how empty deep spam is on the...Ch. 34 - A section of superconducting wire carries a...
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- Beryllium has roughly one-half the specific heat of water (H2O). Rank the quantities of energy input required to produce the following changes from the largest to the smallest. In your ranking, note any cases of equality, (a) raising the temperature of 1 kg of H2O from 20C to 26C (b) raising the temperature of 2 kg of H2O from 20C to 23C (c) raising the temperature of 2 kg of H2O from 1C to 4C (d) raising the temperature of 2 kg of beryllium from 1C to 2C (e) raising the temperature of 2 kg of H2O from -1C to 2Carrow_forwardOne way to cool a gas is to let it expand. When a certain gas under a pressure of 5.00 106 Ha at 25.0C is allowed to expand to 3.00 times its original volume, its final pressure is 1.07 106 Pa. (a) What is the initial temperature of the gas in Kelvin? (b) What is the final temperature of the system? (See Section 10.4.)arrow_forwardAssume you are measuring the specific heat of a sample of originally hot metal by using a calorimeter containing water. Because your calorimeter is not perfectly insulating, energy can transfer by heat between the contents of the calorimeter and the room. To obtain the most accurate result for the specific heat of the metal, you should use water with which initial temperature? (a) slightly lower than room temperature (b) the same as room temperature (c) slightly higher than room temperature (d) whatever you like because the initial temperature makes no differencearrow_forward
- Compare the SI units of specific heat and latent heat and explain any differences.arrow_forwardSuppose that the average velocity (vrms) of carbon dioxide molecules (molecular mass is equal to 44.0g/mol ) in a ?ame is found to be 1.05105m/s. What temperature does this represent?arrow_forwardA 20.0-L tank of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is at a pressure of 9.50 105 Pa and temperature of 19.0C (a) Calculate the temperature of the gas in Kelvin. (b) Use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of gas in the tank. (c) Use the periodic table to compute the molecular weight of carbon dioxide, expressing it in grams per mole. (d) Obtain the number of grains of carbon dioxide in the tank. (e) A fire breaks out, raising the ambient temperature by 224.0 K while 82.0 g of gas leak out of the tank. Calculate the new temperature and the number of moles of gas remaining in the tank. (f) Using a technique analogous to that in Example 10.6b, find a symbolic expression for the final pressure, neglecting the change in volume of the tank. (g) Calculate the final pressure in the tank as a result of the fire and leakage.arrow_forward
- A sample of a solid substance has a mass m and a density 0 at a temperature T0. (a) Find the density of the substance if its temperature is increased by an amount T in terms of the coefficient of volume expansion b. (b) What is the mass of the sample if the temperature is raised by an amount T?arrow_forwardA hollow aluminum cylinder 20.0 cm deep has an internal capacity of 2.000 L at 20.0C. It is completely filled with turpentine at 20.0C. The turpentine and the aluminum cylinder are then slowly warmed together to 80.0C. (a) How much turpentine overflows? (b) What is the volume of the turpentine remaining in the cylinder at 80.0C? (c) If the combination with this amount of turpentine is then cooled back to 20.0C, how far below the cylinders rim does the turpentines surface recede?arrow_forwardEqual masses of substance A at 10.0C and substance B at 90.0C are placed in a well-insulated container of negligible mass and allowed to come to equilibrium. If the equilibrium temperature is 75.0Q which substance has the larger specific heat? (a) substance A (b) substance B (c) The specific heats are identical. (d) The answer depends on the exact initial temperatures. (e) More information is required.arrow_forward
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