Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 34, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The transport mechanisms in plants can be long-distance transport and short-distance transport. The long-distance transport is facilitated via vascular tissues throughout the plant body, while short-distance transport moves the substances into and across cells. There are three mechanisms that are responsible for the short-distance transport.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

Short-distance transport mechanisms in plants move water and dissolved materials by osmosis.

Explanation of Solution

Justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) is “short-distance transport mechanisms include the movement of water and dissolved materials by osmosis.” Osmosis is the mechanism that is responsible for the short-distance transport. Osmosis is a process responsible for the movement of substances across cells due to concentration gradient. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

Explanation for incorrect answer:

Option (b) is “short-distance transport mechanisms include bulk flow of solutes and water.” Bulk flow is driven by pressure gradients that occur through the long-distance transport mechanism that uses vascular tissues like xylem and phloem. So, it is an incorrect option.

Option (c) is “short-distance transport mechanisms are not affected by the size of the molecules that have to be transported.” Short-distance transport mechanism is responsible for the movement of substances across the selectively permeable membranes according to concentration gradient. Size of the substance matters because only a certain size can be passed through the membrane pores or transporters. So, it is an incorrect option.

Option (d) is “short-distance transport mechanisms are not affected by the charge of molecules that have to be transported.” Short-distance transport mechanisms are accomplished via osmosis. It is a process that moves the substances across a semipermeable membrane. There are many factors that affect the rate of osmosis, the permeability of membrane being one of them. The permeability of membrane is determined by the charge of the solute. So, it is an incorrect option.

Hence, options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, short-distance transport mechanism moves water and other dissolved solutes into and across cells via osmosis.

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Students have asked these similar questions
(1) a. The process responsible for absorption of water by root hair of plants is : a. Osmosis b. Active transport C. Diffusion b. The reason for my answer is because : a. Concentration of cell sap is lower than that of soil water b. Concentration of cell sap is higher than that of soil water C. Movement of water molecules spending energy, opposing to diffusion d. Water concentration of soil particles is lower than that of root hair cells
What is true about osmosis? Select one: a. it is passive movement of water across a membrane b. it is an active process c. it must require special proteins d. it is the driving force for water movement from the root to the shoot e. it involves movement of water toward its highest concentration
In the process of exocytosis, vesicles coming from the inside of the cell fuse with the plasma membrane which travels across the membrane to be released outside the cell. This type of transport usually applies to enzymes and hormones. Can you cite an Texample in plants where this form of transport is beneficial? How about in animals?
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