Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 32, Problem 3CT
Hansen's disease, also known as leprosy, arises when bacteria infect the Schwann cells that wrap around axons of peripheral nerves to form a myelin .shealth. Attacks by the immune system on the bacteria-infected glial cells causes a loss of myelin in peripheral nerves. How is Hansen's disease similar to multiple sclerosis? Why do the symptoms differ? Why are people with Hansen's disease unusually prone to injuring themselves?
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Describe the function of local currents in the conduction of action potentials down a myelinated axon. What happens in demylinating diseases?
Jack is a 27-year-old African American man. He has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis 3 years ago and has struggled with it since then. He has noticed a slow decline in his function. He he has not been able to work full time and moved back home with his parents. Because of his change in health status, he has experienced bouts of depression. Due to the unsteadiness on his feet, Jack fell at his job and was injured. As a result, his work duties were reduced. He was in a three-year relationship but she broke up with him when he was diagnosed. She said Jack's diagnosis was more than she could handle. Apply the questions below to the case study. 1a.How might each of these disability-related factors influence Jack's multiple sclerosis? 1b. When answering the question, consider how the diagnosis and these factors and how would these factors influence how Jack responds to his illness. -Functionality versus organicity of Multiple Sclerosis - Level of severity - Degree of visibility…
Briefly describe what happens to the myelin sheath and how it disrupts nerve function in patients with Multiple Sclerosis.
Chapter 32 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 32 - Prob. 1DAACh. 32 - Prob. 2DAACh. 32 - Prob. 3DAACh. 32 - Prob. 4DAACh. 32 - ___ relay messages from the brain and .spinal cord...Ch. 32 - When a neuron is at rest, ________ . a. it is at...Ch. 32 - An action potential begins when ___ . a. a neuron...Ch. 32 - Most human axons have a myelin sheath that ___ ....Ch. 32 - Neurotransmitters are released. by ___ . a. axon...Ch. 32 - What chemicals is released by the axon terminals...
Ch. 32 - Which neurotransmitter is important in...Ch. 32 - Skeletal muscles are controlled by ______ . a....Ch. 32 - When you sit quietly on the couch and read, output...Ch. 32 - In the central nervous system, all synapses are in...Ch. 32 - The brain and spinal cord develop from the...Ch. 32 - An injury ___ in the spinal cord can lead to...Ch. 32 - ___ deep in the brain plays a role in emotion. a....Ch. 32 - Commands to move your right arm start in the...Ch. 32 - Prob. 15SQCh. 32 - Prob. 1CTCh. 32 - Most tumors that originate in the brain are not...Ch. 32 - Hansen's disease, also known as leprosy, arises...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder that causes the destruction of myelin sheaths surrounding neurons. People with MS display many symptoms, including slurred speech, double vision, and poor muscle coordination. What is the direct effect of MS on nerve impulse transmission? Select one: The movement of impulses along neurons is slower than normal. Dendrites cannot be stimulated by acetylcholine, therefore impulses are not generated in neurons. The threshold level of stimulation for neurons is greater than normal. Axons cannot sectete acetylcholine, therefore impulses are not able to travel across synapses. Oarrow_forwardAn individual diagnosed with CMT has difficulty holding a cup because: a. The myelin in the motor neurons is damaged thereby preventing an impulse frommoving along the axonb. The myelin in the sensory neurons is damaged thereby preventing an impulse frommoving along the axonc. The dendrites in the motor neurons are damaged thereby preventing an impulse frommoving along the axond. The dendrites in the sensory neurons are damaged thereby preventing an impulse frommoving along the axonarrow_forwardDemyelination is the loss of myelin from neurones that are normally myelinated. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which demyelination occurs in neurones involved in coordinating muscle movement. Using your knowledge of nerve impulse generation and propagation, explain how nerve impulse generation and propagation would be affected in people who have multiple sclerosis. The explanation needs to be in the form of a step by step sequence of annotated drawings. This could be in the form of an annotated cartoon/picture strip. Compare this to nerve impulse generation and propagation in an individual who does not have multiple sclerosis.arrow_forward
- over a period of 3 years , a 40 year old man develops generalized dystonic , hyperkinetic movements and progressive dementia , his mother and one sister have a similar disease but his father and another sister are healthy. which of the following lesions is mostly likely to be present in the cerebral nervous system of the patient and his affected family members. A) atrophy of the caudate nuclei, B) loss of pigmented cells in the sustengria nigra, C) microglial nodules and multinucleated giant cells in the white matter, D) neurofibrillary tangles in the cortical neurons, E) spongiform changes in the cerebral cortexarrow_forwardmultiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease in which the patient's immune system attacks and destroys the cells that form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. what types of symptoms would you expect from such a disease? why? would Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes be affected? explainarrow_forwardA neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that carries, boosts, and balances signals between neurons, nerve cells, and other cells in the body. a) Identify two disorders that can result in a depletion, damage, or lack of neurotransmitters in our body. Then list and explain at least two neurotransmitters that can result in these disorders developing.arrow_forward
- A patient has been exposed to the organophosphate pesticide malathion,which inactivates acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following symptoms would you predict: blurring of vision, excess tear formation, frequent or involuntary urination, pallor (pale skin), muscle twitching, orcramps? Would atropine be an effective drug to treat the symptoms?(See Clinical Impact 16.2 for the action of atropine.) Explain.arrow_forwardBriefly describe what happens to the myelin sheat and how it disrupts nerve function in patients with multiple sclerosis.arrow_forwardCystic fibrosis is a degenerative disease that causes the progressive breakdown of the myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons. Which of the following best describes the likely effect of cystic fibrosis on neuronal function? A B C D an inhibition in the release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic terminal a decrease in the conduction speed of the action potential along neuronal axons an unstoppable generation of action potential in affected neurons an inhibition in the generation of action potentials at neuronal dendritesarrow_forward
- A) The neuron labelled "D" in the figure is what class of functional neuron?: 3rd-order? lower motor neurone? upper motor neurone? 2nd-order? bipolar? unipolar? B) The message in the pleural pathway in figure 3 comes from the: occipital lobe? skeletal muscle? somatosensoty cortex? temporal lobe? receptors? parietal lobe? frontal lobe? C) Damage to this structure in the figure would affect the ability to move your RIGHT leg: A, B, C, D, E, F, Garrow_forwardExplain what is neuroplasticity and why is this important in the case of Phineas Gage?arrow_forwardGuillain-Barré syndrome has been reported worldwide after vaccination against COVID-19. A 76-year old woman presented with a tingling sensation in her upper and lower limbs and had repeated falls caused by bilateral lower limb weakness after receiving a second dose of vaccine (The Lancet Neurology, 2022). (i) Based on the description, which division(s) of the nervous system may be involved in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)? (ii) Though the exact cause of GBS is not known, in classical GBS the immune system destroys the myelin sheath. What would you expect the results of a nerve conduction test to be if it is performed on the GBS patient? Explain.arrow_forward
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