Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
bartleby

Concept explainers

Question
Book Icon
Chapter 31, Problem 1ITD
Summary Introduction

To review:

The treatment leech therapy or an anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac that had the greater effect in reducing the pain of arthritis patients. The leech therapy has a prolonged effect or not, need to be discussed here.

Introduction:

Osteoarthritis is also called degenerative joint disease, which has the most common prolonged effect on the joints. The breakdown of cartilage between joints leads to an unbearable pain, stiffness, and swelling. The treatment of this disease is leeches therapy and an anti-inflammatory drug called diclofenac.

Blurred answer
Students have asked these similar questions
The virus SARS-CoV-2 which causes covid-19 has quite flexible nail protein. Make a simplified biomechanical equilibrium model based on the black and white card (electron microscopy). Assume that C is a pin joint. Joint B is described as a torsion spring with force pair moment M = κα, where α is the angle in radians. Suppose further that force from above can be modeled as gravity in A, and that the medium acts as a vertical roller support at R. Dimensions: LBC = 100 nm, LAB = 2LBC. The angle θ = 10◦ . a) If m = 10 milligrams, what is the “stiffness” κ, in fNm / row? (milligram = 10−6 kg, n = nano = 10−9 , f = femto = 10−15.) (5p) b) If m = 10 milligrams, what is the amount of force from the medium (The "roller support")?
Under what circumstances should the product Ocusert-pilo be used? Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using this long-acting ocular insert. Perform a literature search and explain the rationale for using nimodipine and pentoxifylline in advanced open-angle glaucoma. How do these agents work to increase blood flow to the eye and retard the progression of nerve damage? Perform a literature search on the reason why antimetabolites such as mitomycin C and 5-FU are used in glaucoma surgery. What is the mechanism of action of these antimetabolites in trabeculectomy pressure-lowering surgery?
2) Anesthetic drugs C and D are currently being screened in rats. After an IV bolus injection, the drugs induce anesthetic effects with some notable differences. Drug C causes the rats to fall unconscious within 60 seconds, while drug D takes 5 minutes to induce anesthesia; however, both drugs exhibit a similar duration of effect, with the rats awakening 20-25 minutes after drug administration. a) What factors might explain the differences in onset time between the two drugs? Why do both drugs still have similar durations of effect? b) Which is preferred between the IV and oral routes of administration, even if drug D has a slow 5-minute induction of anesthesia? (Hint: compare their ADME kinetics) c) Hypothetically, if a higher dose of drug C were administered, would you expect the duration of anesthesia to increase proportionally, or would there likely be a ceiling effect? Explain your reasoning based on pharmacodynamic principles. d) What are 2 possible strategies that can be used to…
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Biology
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Curren'S Math For Meds: Dosages & Sol
Nursing
ISBN:9781305143531
Author:CURREN
Publisher:Cengage