Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 31, Problem 12TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The characteristics of the animals the biologist should examine to determine whether or not the animal belongs to undescribed phylum.
Introduction:
Invertebrate animal lacks the vertebral column and it includes arthropods, mollusks, annelids, and Porifera. Biologist hypothesized evolution of animal from a common ancestor of colonial, a flagellated protist. Through molecular sequencing techniques, they can also identify the key morphological innovations responsible for the evolution of animal.
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Discuss the most prominent feature of the following organisms and explain how each features helped in the evolutionary success of the organism.
Organisms
1. comb jelly2. tapeworm3. jellyfish4. rotifer5. sponge
Create a body plan table (Insert → Add Table) for the following animal phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata. Describe each phylum by identifying the following body plan features. Use Lesson 12 (Chapter 32) and Lesson 13 (Chapter 33) as a guide.
1) Symmetry: Asymmetrical, Radial, or Bilateral
2) Tissue type: Parazoa, Eumetazoa (diploblastic), or Eumetazoa (triploblastic)
3) Body cavity (if triploblastic): Acoelomate, Psuedocoelomate, or Coelomate
4) Developmental mode (if Coelomate): Protostome or Dueuterostome
Note: Depending on the body plan, features 3 & 4 may not apply to specific phyla.
* Please answer 3) and 4) ONLY. Thank you.
Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are the basal taxon to animals and were once thought to belong to plants.
1) Identify three characteristics that distinguish sponges from plants.
2) Identify three characteristics (present or absent) that distinguish sponges from other animal taxa.
Chapter 31 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 31.1 -
1. What characteristics distinguish animals from...Ch. 31.1 - How does the ability of animals to move through...Ch. 31.2 - What is a tissue, and what three primary tissue...Ch. 31.2 - What type of body symmetry do humans have?Ch. 31.2 - What is the functional significance of the coelom?Ch. 31.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 31.3 - Which major groupings of animals defined on the...Ch. 31.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 31.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 31.4 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 31.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 31.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 31.5 - What do ctenophores eat, and how do they collect...Ch. 31.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 31.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 31.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 31.6 - Prob. 4SBCh. 31.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 31.7 - If an arthropods rigid exoskeleton cannot be...Ch. 31.7 - Prob. 3SBCh. 31.7 - Prob. 4SBCh. 31 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 31 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 31 - Protostomes and deuterostomes typically differ in:...Ch. 31 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 31 - Which organ system is absent in flatworms (phylum...Ch. 31 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 31 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 31 - Which body region of an insect bears the walking...Ch. 31 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 31 - What is the major morphological innovation seen in...Ch. 31 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 31 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 31 - Discuss Concepts What are the relative advantages...Ch. 31 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 31 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 31 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 31 - Prob. 1ITD
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- Create a body plan table (Insert → Add Table) for the following animal phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata. Describe each phylum by identifying the following body plan features. 1) Symmetry: Asymmetrical, Radial, or Bilateral 2) Tissue type: Parazoa, Eumetazoa (diploblastic), or Eumetazoa (triploblastic) 3) Body cavity (if triploblastic): Acoelomate, Psuedocoelomate, or Coelomate 4) Developmental mode (if Coelomate): Protostome or Dueuterostome Note: Depending on the body plan, features 3 & 4 may not apply to specific phyla. * Please answer 1) and 2) only. Reposting question for other two to be answered.arrow_forwardYour colleague is studying a newly discovered organism. She is becoming increasingly convinced that the organism is an arthropod. You find that you must respectfully disagree when you note that the organism has a set of distinctly non-arthropod characteristics. The features that cause you to exclude the organism from the arthropod grouping are antennae, six legs, and mandibles. pseudocoel, closed circulatory system, and ventral heart. Malpighian tubules, ommatidia, and tagmata. jointed legs, ecdysis, and an exoskeleton. compound eyes, book lungs, and a hemocoel.arrow_forwardWhat is the significance of the binomial nomenclature in the classification of the vertebrates? If you were to devise another means of classifying organisms, what would it be? Compare and contrast ectothermy and endothermy, including their pros and cons.arrow_forward
- Using the examples from the animals you have studied in this lab, give the differences between the following phyla: Echinodermata and planaria Cnidaria and Porifera Annelida and Nematoda Cnidaria and Mollusca Echinodermata and Chordata 2. Charles a Biology student in California has found at the beach an animal he cannot name. What are some of the questions that he should ask to help determine the phylum of the animal? Based on the data that you recorded during this lab do you see a relationship between symmetry, cephalization, and number of germ layers? Can you tell what germ layer appears last? Name three characteristics or features in the phyla studied that you could tell are ancestral or primitive and three that you may call advance? Explain further?arrow_forwardConstruct a character matrix by making observations on the different features of the following group of invertebrates. On the table, write 1 if the character is present in (or exhibited by) the group; 0 if absent (or is not exhibited). Group of organisms Segmentation Coelom Jointed appendages Cephalization Tissues Radial symmetry Porifera Arthropods Cnidarians Nematodes Annelids Input the characters in the pre-made cladogramthat is provided for you. Also, write in the empty boxes the correct group of organisms to show relationships. One character and one group of organism is done for you.arrow_forwardYou have the chance to use the very first time-machine created by humans. You volunteer to travel 520 million years back in time to collect coastal marine animals. The first organism you encounter is unusual looking and does not resemble any extant organism you know. You notice that the body is segmented, and the segments are not identical. You also notice that the organism has well developed eyes and one pair of long antennae. Their jointed appendages are branched but unequal in size and have various shapes. Moreover, the body appears to be rigid and covered dorsally with numerous spines. Try to classify this organism (e.g., its phylum) based on its appearance and describe its symmetry. Then speculate on its ecology, likely life history (reproduction), and key developmental features. The second organism that you encounter is fixed to the substrate, firm, and has fan shape with finger like projections. It is brightly colored. As you observe it, a few branches of the fan break off. You…arrow_forward
- Can you help me with thee questions? (A)How does taxonomy help us understand relationships among organisms on earth? What kinds of evidence do scientists use in taxonomy? (B)Discuss the importance of oxygen to all living organisms, and describe how three different organisms—human, flatworm, and fern—obtain the oxygen they need. (C)Discuss the three kinds of waste that humans must remove from their bodies, and explain why waste removal is important to living organisms.arrow_forwardWhere do invertebrates fit into the evolution history of eukaryotes? Of animals?arrow_forwardYou take a field trip to tide pools in Puget Sound and encounter all sorts of Animals. Please use the following descriptions of those adult Animals to determine which of the 9 major phyla each belongs. Has radial symmetry and two tissue layers: ["cnidaria", "Mollusca", "Arthropoda", "Annelida", "Platyhelminthes", "Porifera"] Has 6 jointed appendages and a chitinous exoskeleton: ["cnidaria", "Mollusca", "Arthropoda", "Annelida", "Platyhelminthes", "Porifera"] Has bilateral symmetry with a digestive sac and no coelom: ["cnidaria", "Mollusca", "Arthropoda", "Nematoda", "Platyhelminthes", "Porifera"] Has bilateral symmetry, an open circulatory system, a digestive tube, gills and a radula: ["cnidaria", "Mollusca", "Arthropoda", "Nematoda", "Platyhelminthes", "Porifera"] Has no true tissues and no body symmetry: ["cnidaria", "Mollusca", "Arthropoda", "Nematoda", "Platyhelminthes", "Porifera"]arrow_forward
- Make a phylogenetic tree about: Animalia● Vertebrates● Invertebrates● Porifera● Coelenterata (Cnidaria)● Platyhelminthes● Nematoda● Annelida● Arthropoda● Mollusca● Echinodermata● Hemichordata● Chordata (Label all the synapomorphies and include descriptions and side notes)arrow_forwardDraw a simplified animal tree of life, indicating therelationships among sponges, cnidarians, protostomes,and deuterostomesarrow_forwardFor context: This activity will examine the classification of invertebrates and the methods used to determine relationships among the many invertebrate phyla. Question: Are there newer trends in determining evolutionary relationships? If yes, what are they?arrow_forward
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