Chapter 3, Problem 57A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Charges of the ions found in column “a” needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

The periodic table arranges the elements according to their increasing atomic number. The properties of elements are similar of group. The periodic table is divided into two parts one is a vertical column and the other one is horizontal row.

Answer to Problem 57A

Charge of the atoms of the given group is-

  $\text{+1}$

Explanation of Solution

The elements in the first group in the periodic table are alkali metals. The elements of first group form alkali with the base so named as alkali metals. The elements of this group are present in the $\text{+1}$ oxidation state.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Charges of the ions found in column “b” need to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

The periodic table arranges the elements according to their increasing atomic number. The properties of elements are similar of group. The periodic table is divided into two parts one is a vertical column and the other one is horizontal row.

Answer to Problem 57A

Charge of the atoms of the given group is:

  $\text{-2}$ .

Explanation of Solution

The group $\text{16}$ is known as the oxygen family. In this group elements are present with different oxidation state as $\text{-2,}\text{-1},\text{0}$ , but the most common is $\text{-2}$ .

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Charges of the ions found in column “c” need to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

The periodic table arranges the elements according to their increasing atomic number. The properties of elements are similar of group. The periodic table is divided into two parts one is a vertical column and the other one is horizontal row.

Answer to Problem 57A

Charge of the atoms of the given group is-

  $\text{+2}$

Explanation of Solution

The alkaline earth metals are known as Group $\text{2}$ elements. This group comprise of six elements. These elements are present in the earth's crust, so they are named as alkali earth metals. The elements of group -2 carry $\text{+2}$ charge in their ionic form.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Charges of the ions found column “d” need to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

The periodic table arranges the elements according to their increasing atomic number. The properties of elements are similar of group. The periodic table is divided into two parts one is a vertical column and the other one is horizontal row.

Answer to Problem 57A

Charge of the atoms of the given group is-

  $\text{-1}$

Explanation of Solution

Halogen means salt-former and compound containing halogens are called “salts”. The elements are exists in all three states of matter. This element is very reactive. The elements of this group have higher electronegativity. This group also named as halogen family.