Chapter 3, Problem 3E.3E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Flask with molecules that have greater root mean square speed has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Root mean square speed is square root of average value of square of molecular speeds of gas molecules. It includes molecular weight and temperature, both of which affect kinetic energy of gas. It is denoted by $v_{\text{rms}}$. The expression for $v_{\text{rms}}$ is as follows:

  $v_{\text{rms}}=\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}}$        (1)

Here,

$v_{\text{rms}}$ is root mean square speed.

$R$ is universal gas constant.

$T$ is absolute temperature of gas.

$M$ is molecular weight of gas.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Flask with molecules that show more deviations from ideality has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Real gases consist of atoms or molecules that have intermolecular attractions as well as repulsions. These gases deviate from ideal gases in terms of intermolecular forces. Such gases obey van der Waals equation. Van der Waals equation is as follows:

  $\left(P+a\frac{n^2}{V^2}\right)\left(V-nb\right)=nRT$

Here,

$P$ is pressure of gas.

$V$ is volume of gas.

$T$ is absolute temperature of gas.

$R$ is universal gas constant.

$n$ is number of moles of gas.

$a$ and $b$ are van der Waals parameters.