(a) Interpretation: To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an other carbon atom. Concept Introduction: A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively. Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as- 1.Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a). Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule. If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion. If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion. 2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for hydrogen (b). 3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b − a 2 4.Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs. 5.Assign formal charges to atoms.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 3, Problem 3.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an other carbon atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1.Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for hydrogen (b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4.Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5.Assign formal charges to atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an oxygen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure for a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to a nitrogen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

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Write Lewis formulas, including unshared pairs, for each of the following. Carbon has four bonds in each compound. (a) Propane (C3H8) (c) Methyl fluoride (CH3F) (b) Methanol (CH4O) (d) Ethyl fluoride (C2H5F)

Answer true or false. (a) According to the Lewis model of bonding, atoms bond together in such a way that each atom par- ticipating in the bond acquires an outer-shell electron configuration matching that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. (b) Atoms that lose electrons to achieve a filled valence shell become cations and form ionic bonds with anions. (c) Atoms that gain electrons to achieve filled valence shells become anions and form ionic bonds with cations. (d) Atoms that share electrons to achieve filled valence shells form covalent bonds. (e) Ionic bonds tend to form between elements on the left side of the Periodic Table, and covalent bonds tend to form between elements on the right side of the Periodic Table. (f) Ionic bonds tend to form between a metal and a nonmetal. (g) When two nonmetals combine, the bond between them is usually covalent. (h) Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s attrac- tion for the electrons it shares in a chemical bond with another…

Consider the formate ion, HCO2", which is the anion formed when formic acid loses an H* ion. The H and the two O atoms are bonded to the central C atom. (a) Draw the best Lewis structure(s) for this ion. (b) Are resonance structures needed to describe the structure? Explain briefly (c) Would you predict that the C-O bond lengths in the formate ion would be longer or shorter relative to those in CO2? Explain briefly

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an other carbon atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1.Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for hydrogen (b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4.Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5.Assign formal charges to atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an oxygen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure for a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to a nitrogen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an other carbon atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1.Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for hydrogen (b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4.Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5.Assign formal charges to atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an oxygen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure for a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to a nitrogen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an other carbon atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1.Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for hydrogen (b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4.Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5.Assign formal charges to atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an oxygen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure for a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to a nitrogen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 3.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an other carbon atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1.Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for hydrogen (b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4.Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5.Assign formal charges to atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an oxygen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure for a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to a nitrogen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 3.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an other carbon atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1.Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for hydrogen (b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4.Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5.Assign formal charges to atoms.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 3.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an other carbon atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1.Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for hydrogen (b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4.Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5.Assign formal charges to atoms.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an oxygen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to an oxygen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure for a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to a nitrogen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure for a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded by a double bond to a nitrogen atom.

Concept Introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by sharing of same number of electrons between two atoms to complete their octet. Atoms taking part in covalent bond formation may share one, two or three electron pairs thus forming single, double and triple bond respectively.

Lewis structure of a molecule can be determined as-

1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons.(T.V.E. = a).
Sum up all the electrons of all atoms present in the molecule.

If the molecule is an anion, add the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

If it is a cation, subtract the same number of electrons as the charge present on the ion.

2. Calculate the total number of electrons required for each atom to have a complete octet or doublet for Hydrogen.(b).

3. Therefore number of bonds formed = b−a2

4. Remaining electrons are called as lone pairs.

5. Assign formal charges to atoms.

Answer 12

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Answer 15

Ch. 3.2 - Problem 3-1 Show how the following chemical...Ch. 3.4 - Problem 3-2 Judging from their relative positions...Ch. 3.5 - Problem 3-3 Write the formulas for the ionic...Ch. 3.6 - Problem 3-4 Name these binary ionic compounds: (a)...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.5P Ch. 3.6 - Problem 3-6 Give each binary compound a systematic...Ch. 3.6 - Problem 3-7 Name these ionic compounds, each of...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.8P Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.9P Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how to draw the Lewis structure of a molecule in which carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen.

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