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(a)
Interpretation: To identify the number of amide
Concept introduction: A functional group is an atom or a molecule in the compound which gives the characteristic property to that particular compound. It is the site where the reaction takes place.
(b)
Interpretation: To identify which OH groups are attached to sp3 C-atom and which are attached at sp2 hybridized C-atoms.
Concept introduction: A sp3 hybridization is shown by the C-atoms which are bonded to four substituents and a sp2 carbon atom is bonded to three substituents.
(c)
Interpretation: To identify whether the given compound vancomycin is water soluble or not.
Concept introduction: Hydrogen bonding is seen in those molecules in which a hydrogen atom is bonded to an electronegative atom containing a lone pair like F, N or O. Hydrogen bond is formed when a H atom bonded to the electronegative atom gets attracted towards the lone pair of the electronegative atom present on another molecule. Thus, a molecule can form hydrogen bond with water if it contains electronegative atoms like F, N or O.
(d)
Interpretation: To identify the most acidic proton.
Concept introduction: The most acidic proton is the one present on the functional group which can donate a proton readily and can form salt.
(e)
Interpretation: To identify three functional groups which can form hydrogen bonds.
Concept introduction: Hydrogen bonding is seen in those molecules in which a hydrogen atom is bonded to an electronegative atom containing a lone pair like F, N or O. Hydrogen bond is formed when a H atom bonded to the electronegative atom gets attracted towards the lone pair of the electronegative atom present on another molecule.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom)
- It has been known for a very long time that lemon juice can mask the "fishy" smell of cooked fish. The "fishy" smell is often due to the presence of amines, such as putrescine, shown below. Lemon juice contains up to 5% citric acid, also shown below. Based on your knowledge amine chemistry and carboxylic acid chemistry, what could be occurring when lemon juice is put on the cooked fish? H₂N NH₂ putrescine, a smelly fish compound HO O O OH 0 OH OH citric acid, a major componant in lemon juice The citric acid undergoes an E2 reaction with the putrescine. The citric acid protonates the putrescine. The citric aicd undergoes and Sn2 reactions with putrescine. The citric acid oxidizes the putrescine. The citric acid hybridizes the putrescine.arrow_forward62. Polar molecules cannot easily pass through the cell membrane, but hydrophobic molecules can easily pass through the membrane. The two molecules shown in the diagram both have effects that include raising blood pressure. Comparing two molecules to the right, which statement is TRUE? HO OH Ephedrine OH Epinephrine HO A) Ephedrine can more easily pass through the cell membrane than epinephrine. B) Epinephrine can more easily pass through the cell membrane than ephedrine. Both epinephrine and ephedrine can pass through the cell membrane equally well. D) Neither epinephrine nor ephedrine can pass through the cell membrane. E) None of the statements is true. C) 63. According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, when is the pH equal to the pk₂? A) when the concentration of acid is close to zero B) when the pH approaches 7 C) when the concentration of the conjugate base is equal to the ionization constant for water D) when the concentration of the conjugate base is equal to the…arrow_forwardMultiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.arrow_forward
- True or false The hydroxyl group found in an organic compound is responsible for its basicity. Aromatic hydrocarbons are considered polar and has high affinity to water. Acidic drugs are a class of chemical compounds that normally have high hydrophilicity and negative charges. Amino groups attached to hydrocarbons are considered polar which may be responsible for its solubility. Lipophilic drugs have a faster rate of absorption than hydrophilic drugs.arrow_forward2. What is produced when an amine reacts with water? A. A primary alcohol and ammonia B. An amide and a hydrogen (H+) ion C. An ammonium ion and a hydroxide (OH-) ion D. An amide and a hydroxide (OH-) ionarrow_forward15. It is believed that Alexander the Great was poisoned by an organic compound known as Strychnine. The structure of Strychnine is shown below. Identify the functional groups present in this molecule. a H "H b C --d A. a = tertiary amide, b = tertiary amine, c = alkene, d = ether B. a = ketone, b = secondary amine, c = alkene, d = ether C. a secondary amide, b = tertiary amine, c = alkyne, d = alcohol D. a = ketone, b = tertiary amide, c = alkyne, d = etherarrow_forward
- H. What type of amine is the functional group above (The R is a carbon group) R a. primary Ob. tertiary Oc. secondaryarrow_forwardIdentify the functional groups in each molecule. Classify each alcohol,alkyl halide, amide, and amine as 1°, 2°, or 3°.arrow_forwardWhich molecule is an amide? a. CH 3 CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ C C. 0 0 b. || CH3 CH₂ CH₂N-C-CH₂-CH3 0 H CH3–CH2CH2CH2C-O-CH2-CH3 e. CH3CH2CH2NH2 d. CH 3 CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-C 0 OHarrow_forward
- Tyrosine is an amino acid. Which atoms in this molecule can form hydrogen bonds?arrow_forwardHO OH NH2 Name the numbered functional groups in the structure O 1. carbonyl 2. amino O 1. carboxyl 2. amino 1. carboxyl 2. amido O 1. carbonyl 2. amidoarrow_forwardDetermine the amine product of the ff rxn 1.OH 2. CH;CH,Br 3. H30*, heat A. primary amine B. secondary amine C. tertiary amine D. quarternary alkylammonium ionarrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
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