Chapter 3, Problem 3.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of $\sigma$ bonds, the number of $\text{π}$ bonds and the number of electrons occupying nonbonding MOs are to be determined for the given molecule.

Concept introduction:

In order to determine the number of $\sigma$ bonds, the number of $\text{π}$ bonds and the number of electrons occupying nonbonding MOs, the line drawings must first be converted into the corresponding Lewis structures.

In the Lewis structure, a single bond represents an electron pair in a $\sigma$ bonding MO. A double bond represents one pair in a $\sigma$ bonding MO and one pair in a $\text{π}$ bonding MO. Lone pairs are unshared and represent electrons occupying nonbonding MOs.

Answer to Problem 3.18P

There are sixteen $\sigma$ bonds, two $\text{π}$ bonds, and four electrons (two pairs) occupying nonbonding MOs in the given molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The line drawing of the given molecule is:

This must be converted to a Lewis structure showing all atoms and lone pairs before the number of bonds of different types and the electrons in nonbonding MOs can be counted.

The Lewis structure of the molecule showing all atoms, bonds and lone pairs can be drawn as:

This shows fourteen single bonds, two double bonds, and two lone pairs. Therefore, the molecule contains a total of sixteen $\sigma$ bonds, two $\text{π}$ bonds, and four electrons (two pairs) occupying nonbonding MOs.

Conclusion

A single bond between two atoms is a $\sigma$ bond, a double bond is a $\sigma$ bond plus an $\text{s}$ bond, and a lone occupies a nonbonding MO.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of $\sigma$ bonds, the number of $\text{π}$ bonds and the number of electrons occupying nonbonding MOs are to be determined for the given molecule.

Concept introduction:

In order to determine the number of $\sigma$ bonds, the number of $\text{π}$ bonds and the number of electrons occupying nonbonding MOs, the line drawings must first be converted into the corresponding Lewis structures.

In the Lewis structure, a single bond represents an electron pair in a $\sigma$ bonding MO. A double bond represents one pair in a $\sigma$ bonding MO and one pair in a $\text{π}$ bonding MO. Lone pairs are unshared and represent electrons occupying nonbonding MOs.

Answer to Problem 3.18P

There are sixteen $\sigma$ bonds, two $\text{π}$ bonds, and eight electrons (four pairs) occupying nonbonding MOs in the given molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The line drawing of the given molecule is:

This must be converted to a Lewis structure showing all atoms and lone pairs before the number of bonds of different types and the electrons in nonbonding MOs can be counted.

The Lewis structure of the molecule showing all atoms, bonds and lone pairs can be drawn as:

This shows fourteen single bonds, two double bonds, and four lone pairs. Therefore, the molecule contains a total of sixteen $\sigma$ bonds, two $\text{π}$ bonds, and eight electrons (four pairs) occupying nonbonding MOs.

Conclusion

A single bond between two atoms is a $\sigma$ bond, a double bond is a $\sigma$ bond plus an $\text{s}$ bond, and a lone occupies a nonbonding MO.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of $\sigma$ bonds, the number of $\text{π}$ bonds and the number of electrons occupying nonbonding MOs are to be determined for the given molecule.

Concept introduction:

In order to determine the number of $\sigma$ bonds, the number of $\text{π}$ bonds and the number of electrons occupying nonbonding MOs, the line drawings must first be converted into the corresponding Lewis structures.

In the Lewis structure, a single bond represents an electron pair in a $\sigma$ bonding MO. A double bond represents one pair in a $\sigma$ bonding MO and one pair in a $\text{π}$ bonding MO. Lone pairs are unshared and represent electrons occupying nonbonding MOs.

Answer to Problem 3.18P

There are twelve $\sigma$ bonds, two $\text{π}$ bonds, and four electrons (two pairs) occupying nonbonding MOs in the given molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The line drawing of the given molecule is:

This must be converted to a Lewis structure showing all atoms and lone pairs before the number of bonds of different types and the electrons in nonbonding MOs can be counted.

The Lewis structure of the molecule showing all atoms, bonds and lone pairs can be drawn as:

This shows twelve single bonds, two double bonds, and two lone pairs. Therefore, the molecule contains a total of twelve $\sigma$ bonds, two $\text{π}$ bonds, and four electrons (two pairs) occupying nonbonding MOs.

Conclusion

A single bond between two atoms is a $\sigma$ bond, a double bond is a $\sigma$ bond plus a $\text{s}$ bond, and a lone occupies a nonbonding MO.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The number of $\sigma$ bonds, the number of $\text{π}$ bonds and the number of electrons occupying nonbonding MOs are to be determined for the given molecule.

Concept introduction:

In order to determine the number of $\sigma$ bonds, the number of $\text{π}$ bonds and the number of electrons occupying nonbonding MOs, the line drawings must first be converted into the corresponding Lewis structures.

In the Lewis structure, a single bond represents an electron pair in a $\sigma$ bonding MO. A double bond represents one pair in a $\sigma$ bonding MO and one pair in a $\text{π}$ bonding MO. Lone pairs are unshared and represent electrons occupying nonbonding MOs.

Answer to Problem 3.18P

There are nineteen $\sigma$ bonds, one $\text{π}$ bond, and two electrons (one pair) occupying nonbonding MOs in the given molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The line drawing of the given molecule is:

This must be converted to a Lewis structure showing all atoms and lone pairs before the number of bonds of different types and the electrons in nonbonding MOs can be counted.

The Lewis structure of the molecule showing all atoms, bonds and lone pairs can be drawn as:

This shows eighteen single bonds, one double bond and one lone pair. Therefore, the molecule contains a total of nineteen $\sigma$ bonds, one $\text{π}$ bond, and two electrons (one pair) occupying nonbonding MOs.

Conclusion

A single bond between two atoms is a $\sigma$ bond, a double bond is a $\sigma$ bond plus an $\text{s}$ bond, and a lone occupies a nonbonding MO.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of $\sigma$ bonds, the number of $\text{π}$ bonds and the number of electrons occupying nonbonding MOs are to be determined for the given molecule.

Concept introduction:

In order to determine the number of $\sigma$ bonds, the number of $\text{π}$ bonds and the number of electrons occupying nonbonding MOs, the line drawings must first be converted into the corresponding Lewis structures.

In the Lewis structure, a single bond represents an electron pair in a $\sigma$ bonding MO. A double bond represents one pair in a $\sigma$ bonding MO and one pair in a $\text{π}$ bonding MO. Lone pairs are unshared and represent electrons occupying nonbonding MOs.

Answer to Problem 3.18P

There are eleven $\sigma$ bonds, two $\text{π}$ bonds, and eight electrons (four pairs) occupying nonbonding MOs in the given molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The line drawing of the given molecule is:

This must be converted to a Lewis structure showing all atoms and lone pairs before the number of bonds of different types and the electrons in nonbonding MOs can be counted.

The Lewis structure of the molecule showing all atoms, bonds and lone pairs can be drawn as:

This shows nine single bonds, two double bonds, and four lone pairs. Therefore, the molecule contains a total of eleven $\sigma$ bonds, two $\text{π}$ bonds, and eight electrons (four pairs) occupying nonbonding MOs.

Conclusion

A single bond between two atoms is a $\sigma$ bond, a double bond is a $\sigma$ bond plus a $\text{s}$ bond, and a lone occupies a nonbonding MO.