(a) Interpretation: If the Δ S o for the given reaction is less than or greater than zero should be identified. Concept Introduction: The entropy of the reaction defines the randomness of the system. The value of change in entropy will be positive if randomness in the system (reaction) increases and it has negative value if randomness decreases.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

If the $Δ S^{o}$ for the given reaction is less than or greater than zero should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The entropy of the reaction defines the randomness of the system. The value of change in entropy will be positive if randomness in the system (reaction) increases and it has negative value if randomness decreases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The non-equilibrium concentration of ethanol in yeast cells, if the value of change in Gibbs free energy is $- 38.3 kJ/mol$ at pH 7.4 and temperature $37^{o} C$

Concept Introduction:

The standard Gibbs free energy is related to standard electrode potential of cell as follows:

$Δ G^{o} = - n F E^{o} (V)$ Here, n is number of electrons transferred in the overall reaction and F is Faradays constant which is $96500 {C mol}^{-1}$ .

Also, standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(c) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to decrease in pH should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(d) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(e) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in standard Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

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The preferred substrate is T because the enzyme half-saturates at 7.00 mM for T, but requires 28.0 mM for U, and 112 mM for S. b Question Content Area The rate constant k 2 with substrate S is 9.60×107 sec-1, with substrate T, k 2 = 6.00×104 sec-1, and with substrate U, k 2 = 2.40×106 sec-1. Calculate the catalytic efficiency with S, T, and U. Catalytic efficiency with S = Catalytic efficiency with T = Catalytic efficiency with U = Does enzyme A use substrate S, substrate T, or substrate U with greater catalytic efficiency?

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

If the $Δ S^{o}$ for the given reaction is less than or greater than zero should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The entropy of the reaction defines the randomness of the system. The value of change in entropy will be positive if randomness in the system (reaction) increases and it has negative value if randomness decreases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The non-equilibrium concentration of ethanol in yeast cells, if the value of change in Gibbs free energy is $- 38.3 kJ/mol$ at pH 7.4 and temperature $37^{o} C$

Concept Introduction:

The standard Gibbs free energy is related to standard electrode potential of cell as follows:

$Δ G^{o} = - n F E^{o} (V)$ Here, n is number of electrons transferred in the overall reaction and F is Faradays constant which is $96500 {C mol}^{-1}$ .

Also, standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(c) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to decrease in pH should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(d) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(e) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in standard Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

If the $Δ S^{o}$ for the given reaction is less than or greater than zero should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The entropy of the reaction defines the randomness of the system. The value of change in entropy will be positive if randomness in the system (reaction) increases and it has negative value if randomness decreases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The non-equilibrium concentration of ethanol in yeast cells, if the value of change in Gibbs free energy is $- 38.3 kJ/mol$ at pH 7.4 and temperature $37^{o} C$

Concept Introduction:

The standard Gibbs free energy is related to standard electrode potential of cell as follows:

$Δ G^{o} = - n F E^{o} (V)$ Here, n is number of electrons transferred in the overall reaction and F is Faradays constant which is $96500 {C mol}^{-1}$ .

Also, standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(c) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to decrease in pH should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(d) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(e) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in standard Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

If the $Δ S^{o}$ for the given reaction is less than or greater than zero should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The entropy of the reaction defines the randomness of the system. The value of change in entropy will be positive if randomness in the system (reaction) increases and it has negative value if randomness decreases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The non-equilibrium concentration of ethanol in yeast cells, if the value of change in Gibbs free energy is $- 38.3 kJ/mol$ at pH 7.4 and temperature $37^{o} C$

Concept Introduction:

The standard Gibbs free energy is related to standard electrode potential of cell as follows:

$Δ G^{o} = - n F E^{o} (V)$ Here, n is number of electrons transferred in the overall reaction and F is Faradays constant which is $96500 {C mol}^{-1}$ .

Also, standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(c) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to decrease in pH should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(d) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(e) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in standard Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

If the $Δ S^{o}$ for the given reaction is less than or greater than zero should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The entropy of the reaction defines the randomness of the system. The value of change in entropy will be positive if randomness in the system (reaction) increases and it has negative value if randomness decreases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The non-equilibrium concentration of ethanol in yeast cells, if the value of change in Gibbs free energy is $- 38.3 kJ/mol$ at pH 7.4 and temperature $37^{o} C$

Concept Introduction:

The standard Gibbs free energy is related to standard electrode potential of cell as follows:

$Δ G^{o} = - n F E^{o} (V)$ Here, n is number of electrons transferred in the overall reaction and F is Faradays constant which is $96500 {C mol}^{-1}$ .

Also, standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(c) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to decrease in pH should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(d) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Interpretation Introduction

(e) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in standard Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

If the $Δ S^{o}$ for the given reaction is less than or greater than zero should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The entropy of the reaction defines the randomness of the system. The value of change in entropy will be positive if randomness in the system (reaction) increases and it has negative value if randomness decreases.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

If the $Δ S^{o}$ for the given reaction is less than or greater than zero should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The entropy of the reaction defines the randomness of the system. The value of change in entropy will be positive if randomness in the system (reaction) increases and it has negative value if randomness decreases.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The non-equilibrium concentration of ethanol in yeast cells, if the value of change in Gibbs free energy is $- 38.3 kJ/mol$ at pH 7.4 and temperature $37^{o} C$

Concept Introduction:

The standard Gibbs free energy is related to standard electrode potential of cell as follows:

$Δ G^{o} = - n F E^{o} (V)$ Here, n is number of electrons transferred in the overall reaction and F is Faradays constant which is $96500 {C mol}^{-1}$ .

Also, standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The non-equilibrium concentration of ethanol in yeast cells, if the value of change in Gibbs free energy is $- 38.3 kJ/mol$ at pH 7.4 and temperature $37^{o} C$

Concept Introduction:

The standard Gibbs free energy is related to standard electrode potential of cell as follows:

$Δ G^{o} = - n F E^{o} (V)$ Here, n is number of electrons transferred in the overall reaction and F is Faradays constant which is $96500 {C mol}^{-1}$ .

Also, standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to decrease in pH should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to decrease in pH should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in standard Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e) Interpretation:

The effect on value of change in standard Gibbs free energy due to increase in intracellular CO₂levels should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Standard change in Gibbs free energy is related to change in Gibbs free energy as follows:

$Δ G = Δ G^{o} + R T \ln \frac{[P]}{[R]}$ Here, R is Universal gas constant; T is temperature, $[P]$ is concentration of product and $[R]$ is concentration of reactant.

Answer 16

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 17

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 3 - Prob. 1P Ch. 3 - Given the following reactions and their...Ch. 3 - The decomposition of crystalline N2O5...Ch. 3 - The oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 3 - In another key reaction in glycolysis,...Ch. 3 - Assume that some protein molecule, in its folded...Ch. 3 - When a hydrophobic substance like a hydrocarbon is...Ch. 3 - It is observed that as temperature is increased,...Ch. 3 - Suppose a reaction has Ho and So values...

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