
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The net ionic equation for 3C2H5OH(aq)+2K2Cr2O7(aq)+8H2SO4(aq)→3CH3COOH(aq)+2Cr2(SO4)3(aq)+2K2SO4(aq)+11H2O(l) for the given reaction has to be written.
Concept introduction:
Net ionic Equation:
The net ionic equation shows only those chemical species that actually undergo chemical change. The ions that do not change during the
(a)

Explanation of Solution
The balanced equation for the reaction is given below,
3 C2H5OH(aq) + 2 K2Cr2O7(aq) + 8 H2SO4(aq) ↓3CH3COOH(aq) + 2 Cr2(SO43)(aq) + 2 K2SO4(aq) + 11 H2O(l)
While balancing the equation, the subscripts cannot be altered but coefficients can be changed. The given reaction is already balanced.
The complete ionic equation is given below,
3 C2H5OH(aq) + 4 K+ + 2 Cr2O2−7+ 8 H++ 8HSO−4 ↓3 CH3COOH (aq) + 4 Cr3+ + 6 SO2−4(aq) + 4 K+ + 2 SO2−4(aq) + 11 H2O(l)
Eliminate the spectator ions. Net ionic equation of the given reaction shown below
3 C2H5OH(aq) + 2 Cr2O2−7+ 8 H++ 8HSO−4 ↓3 CH3COOH (aq) + 4 Cr3+ + 6 SO2−4(aq) +2 SO2−4(aq) + 11 H2O(l)
The balanced complete net ionic equation is written.
(b)
Interpretation:
The changing the oxidation numbers in the reaction has to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation number:
The oxidation number of an element is zero. The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion equals its charge.
The oxidation number is zero for the summation of the oxidation numbers complete atoms in a complete formula.
The charge on the ion is equal to the summation of the oxidation numbers of complete atoms in poly atomic ion.
The oxidation state of alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) is +1, and alkaline earth metal is (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) is +2.
The oxidation state of hydrogen is +1 (without bonding with metals), the oxidation state of oxygen is −2.
An oxidizing agent gains the electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction and it is electron acceptor.
A reducing agent loses electrons and is oxidized in a chemical reaction and it is electron donor.
The oxidation state is called as oxidation number, which describes degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Theoretically, the oxidation state is positive, negative or zero.
(b)

Explanation of Solution
The given equation is shown below,
3 C2H5OH(aq) + 4 K+ + 2 Cr2O2−7+ 8 H++ 8HSO−4 ↓3 CH3COOH (aq) + 4 Cr3+ + 6 SO2−4(aq) + 4 K+ + 2 SO2−4(aq) + 11 H2O(l)
Oxidation number of element in the reactant:
Oxidation number of potassium is + 1 in the reactant, the oxidation number of carbon in ethanol is given below,
C2H5OH:2(x) + 6(1) +1(-2)= 02x + 6 - 2 = 0x = −2
The oxidation number of carbon is + 2.
Oxidation number of chromium in Cr2O2−7 is given below,
Cr2O2−7:2(x) + 7(-2) = −22x - 14= −2x = + 6
The oxidation number of chromium is + 6.
Oxidation number of sulfur in HSO−4 is given below,
HSO−4:1+ (x) + 4(-2) = −1x - 7= −1x = + 6
The oxidation number of sulfur is + 6.
Oxidation number of element in the product:
Oxidation number of potassium is + 1 in the reactant, the oxidation number of carbon in ethanol is given below,
CH3COOH:2(x) + 4(1) +2(-2)= 02x + 4 - 4 = 0x = 0
Oxidation number of carbon is zero.
Oxidation number of sulfur in HSO−4 is given below,
SO2−4:(x) + 4(-2) = −2x - 8= −1x = + 6
The oxidation number of sulfur is + 6.
Oxidation state of hydrogen is + 1 and oxygen is −2 in water.
Oxidation number of carbon is + 2 in the reactant and zero in the product, the oxidation number of chromium is + 6 in the reactant and + 3 in the product. Carbon containing compounds loss the electron therefore it is reducing agent (C2H5OH). Chromium containing compound gains the electron therefore it is oxidizing agent (CH3COOH).
(c)
Interpretation:
The oxidized and reduced substance has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (b)
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The given equation is shown below,
3 C2H5OH(aq) + 4 K+ + 2 Cr2O2−7+ 8 H++ 8HSO−4 ↓3 CH3COOH (aq) + 4 Cr3+ + 6 SO2−4(aq) + 4 K+ + 2 SO2−4(aq) + 11 H2O(l)
Oxidation number of element in the reactant:
Oxidation number of potassium is + 1 in the reactant, the oxidation number of carbon in ethanol is given below,
C2H5OH:2(x) + 6(1) +1(-2)= 02x + 6 - 2 = 0x = −2
The oxidation number of carbon is + 2.
Oxidation number of chromium in Cr2O2−7 is given below,
Cr2O2−7:2(x) + 7(-2) = −22x - 14= −2x = + 6
The oxidation number of chromium is + 6.
Oxidation number of sulfur in HSO−4 is given below,
HSO−4:1+ (x) + 4(-2) = −1x - 7= −1x = + 6
The oxidation number of sulfur is + 6.
Oxidation number of element in the product:
Oxidation number of potassium is + 1 in the reactant, the oxidation number of carbon in ethanol is given below,
CH3COOH:2(x) + 4(1) +2(-2)= 02x + 4 - 4 = 0x = 0
Oxidation number of carbon is zero.
Oxidation number of sulfur in HSO−4 is given below,
SO2−4:(x) + 4(-2) = −2x - 8= −1x = + 6
The oxidation number of sulfur is + 6.
Oxidation state of hydrogen is + 1 and oxygen is −2 in water.
Oxidation number of carbon is + 2 in the reactant and zero in the product, the oxidation number of chromium is + 6 in the reactant and + 3 in the product. Carbon containing compounds loss the electron therefore it has being oxidized (C2H5OH). Chromium containing compound gains the electron therefore it has being reduced (K2Cr2O7).
(d)
Interpretation:
The oxidizing agent and reducing agent has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (b)
(d)

Explanation of Solution
The given equation is shown below,
3 C2H5OH(aq) + 4 K+ + 2 Cr2O2−7+ 8 H++ 8HSO−4 ↓3 CH3COOH (aq) + 4 Cr3+ + 6 SO2−4(aq) + 4 K+ + 2 SO2−4(aq) + 11 H2O(l)
Oxidation number of element in the reactant:
Oxidation number of potassium is + 1 in the reactant, the oxidation number of carbon in ethanol is given below,
C2H5OH:2(x) + 6(1) +1(-2)= 02x + 6 - 2 = 0x = −2
The oxidation number of carbon is + 2.
Oxidation number of chromium in Cr2O2−7 is given below,
Cr2O2−7:2(x) + 7(-2) = −22x - 14= −2x = + 6
The oxidation number of chromium is + 6.
Oxidation number of sulfur in HSO−4 is given below,
HSO−4:1+ (x) + 4(-2) = −1x - 7= −1x = + 6
The oxidation number of sulfur is + 6.
Oxidation number of element in the product:
Oxidation number of potassium is + 1 in the reactant, the oxidation number of carbon in ethanol is given below,
CH3COOH:2(x) + 4(1) +2(-2)= 02x + 4 - 4 = 0x = 0
Oxidation number of carbon is zero.
Oxidation number of sulfur in HSO−4 is given below,
SO2−4:(x) + 4(-2) = −2x - 8= −1x = + 6
The oxidation number of sulfur is + 6.
Oxidation state of hydrogen is + 1 and oxygen is −2 in water.
Oxidation number of carbon is + 2 in the reactant and zero in the product, the oxidation number of chromium is + 6 in the reactant and + 3 in the product. Carbon containing compounds loss the electron therefore it is reducing agent (C2H5OH). Chromium containing compound gains the electron therefore it is oxidizing agent (CH3COOH).
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- can someone draw out the reaction mechanism for this reaction showing all the curly arrows and 2. Draw the GPNA molecule and identify the phenylalanine portion. 3. Draw L-phenylalanine with the correct stereochemistryarrow_forwardWhat is the reaction mechanism for this?arrow_forwardPredict the major products of both organic reactions. Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds to show the stereochemistry of the products when it's important, for example to distinguish between two different major products. esc esc Explanation Check 2 : + + X H₁₂O + Х ง WW E R Y qab Ccaps lock shift $ P X Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility Bil T FR F18 9 G t K L Z X V B N M control opption command command T C darrow_forward
- Draw the Markovnikov product of the hydrohalogenation of this alkene. this problem. Note for advanced students: draw only one product, and don't worry about showing any stereochemistry. Drawing dash and wedge bonds has been disabled for caps lock Explanation Check 2 W E R + X 5 HCI Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility Bil Y F G H K L ZZ X C V B N M control opption command F10 F10 command 4 BA Ar Carrow_forwardI don't understand why the amide on the top left, with the R attached to one side, doesn't get substituted with OH to form a carboxylic acid. And if only one can be substituted, why did it choose the amide it chose rather than the other amide?arrow_forwardesc Draw the Markovnikov product of the hydration of this alkene. Note for advanced students: draw only one product, and don't worry about showing any stereochemistry. Drawing dash and wedge bonds has been disabled for this problem. Explanation Check BBB + X 0 1. Hg (OAc)2, H₂O 2. Na BH 5 Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility Bl P 豆 28 2 28 N 9 W E R T Y A S aps lock G H K L Z X C V B N M T central H command #e commandarrow_forward
- C A student proposes the transformation below in one step of an organic synthesis. There may be one or more products missing from the right-hand side, but there are no reagents missing from the left-hand side. There may also be catalysts, small inorganic reagents, and other important reaction conditions missing from the arrow. • Is the student's transformation possible? If not, check the box under the drawing area. . If the student's transformation is possible, then complete the reaction by adding any missing products to the right-hand side, and adding required catalysts, inorganic reagents, or other important reaction conditions above and below the arrow. • You do not need to balance the reaction, but be sure every important organic reactant or product is shown. (X) This transformation can't be done in one step. + Tarrow_forwardく Predict the major products of this organic reaction. If there aren't any products, because nothing will happen, check the box under the drawing area instead. No reaction. Explanation Check OH + + ✓ 2 H₂SO 4 O xs H₂O 2 Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forwardDraw the skeletal ("line") structure of 1,3-dihydroxy-2-pentanone. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X Parrow_forward
- Predicting edict the major products of this organic reaction. If there aren't any products, because nothing will happen, check the box under the drawing area instead. + No reaction. Explanation Check HO Na O H xs H₂O 2 Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Iarrow_forwardChoosing reagents and conditions for acetal formation or hydrolysis 0/5 A student proposes the transformation below in one step of an organic synthesis. There may be one or more products missing from the right-hand side, but there are no reagents missing from the left-hand side. There may also be catalysts, small inorganic reagents, and other important reaction conditions missing from the arrow. • Is the student's transformation possible? If not, check the box under the drawing area. If the student's transformation is possible, then complete the reaction by adding any missing products to the right-hand side, and adding required catalysts, inorganic reagents, or other important reaction conditions above and below the arrow. • You do not need to balance the reaction, but be sure every important organic reactant or product is shown. + This transformation can't be done in one step. 5 I H Autumn alo 值 Ar Barrow_forwardA block of copper of mass 2.00kg(cp = 0.3851 .K) and g temperature 0°C is introduced into an insulated container in which there is 1.00molH, O(g) at 100°C and 1.00 2 atm. Note that C P = 4.184. K for liquid water, and g that A H = 2260 for water. vap g Assuming all the steam is condensed to water, and that the pressure remains constant: (a) What will be the final temperature of the system? (b) What is the heat transferred from the water to the copper? (c) What is the entropy change of the water, the copper, and the total system?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning





