Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781285199047
Author: John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 113QRT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The net ionic equation for 3C2H5OH(aq)+2K2Cr2O7(aq)+8H2SO4(aq)3CH3COOH(aq)+2Cr2(SO4)3(aq)+2K2SO4(aq)+11H2O(l) for the given reaction has to be written.

Concept introduction:

Net ionic Equation:

The net ionic equation shows only those chemical species that actually undergo chemical change.  The ions that do not change during the chemical reaction are called spectator ions.  These spectator ions are not shown in net ionic equation.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The balanced equation for the reaction is given below,

  3 C2H5OH(aq) + 2 K2Cr2O7(aq) + 8 H2SO4(aq)3CH3COOH(aq) + 2 Cr2(SO4)3(aq) + 2 K2SO4(aq) + 11 H2O(l)

While balancing the equation, the subscripts cannot be altered but coefficients can be changed. The given reaction is already balanced.

The complete ionic equation is given below,

    3 C2H5OH(aq) + 4 K++ 2 Cr2O72+ 8 H++ 8HSO43 CH3COOH (aq) + 4 Cr3+ + 6 SO42(aq) + 4 K++ 2 SO42(aq) + 11 H2O(l)

Eliminate the spectator ions. Net ionic equation of the given reaction shown below

  3 C2H5OH(aq) + 2 Cr2O72+ 8 H++ 8HSO43 CH3COOH (aq) + 4 Cr3+ + 6 SO42(aq) +2 SO42(aq) + 11 H2O(l)

The balanced complete net ionic equation is written.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changing the oxidation numbers in the reaction has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation number:

The oxidation number of an element is zero. The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion equals its charge.

The oxidation number is zero for the summation of the oxidation numbers complete atoms in a complete formula.

The charge on the ion is equal to the summation of the oxidation numbers of complete atoms in poly atomic ion.

The oxidation state of alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) is +1, and alkaline earth metal is (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) is +2.

The oxidation state of hydrogen is +1 (without bonding with metals), the oxidation state of oxygen is 2.

An oxidizing agent gains the electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction and it is electron acceptor.

A reducing agent loses electrons and is oxidized in a chemical reaction and it is electron donor.

The oxidation state is called as oxidation number, which describes degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Theoretically, the oxidation state is positive, negative or zero.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The given equation is shown below,

  3 C2H5OH(aq) + 4 K++ 2 Cr2O72+ 8 H++ 8HSO43 CH3COOH (aq) + 4 Cr3+ + 6 SO42(aq) + 4 K++ 2 SO42(aq) + 11 H2O(l)

Oxidation number of element in the reactant:

Oxidation number of potassium is +1 in the reactant, the oxidation number of carbon in ethanol is given below,

  C2H5OH:2(x)+6(1)+1(-2)=02x + 6 - 2 =0x=2

The oxidation number of carbon is +2.

Oxidation number of chromium in Cr2O72 is given below,

  Cr2O72:2(x) + 7(-2)=22x - 14=2x =+ 6

The oxidation number of chromium is +6.

Oxidation number of sulfur in HSO4 is given below,

  HSO4:1+ (x) + 4(-2)=1x - 7=1x =+ 6

The oxidation number of sulfur is +6.

Oxidation number of element in the product:

Oxidation number of potassium is +1 in the reactant, the oxidation number of carbon in ethanol is given below,

  CH3COOH:2(x)+4(1)+2(-2)=02x + 4 - 4 =0x=0

Oxidation number of carbon is zero.

Oxidation number of sulfur in HSO4 is given below,

  SO42:(x) + 4(-2)=2x - 8=1x =+ 6

The oxidation number of sulfur is +6.

Oxidation state of hydrogen is +1 and oxygen is 2 in water.

Oxidation number of carbon is +2 in the reactant and zero in the product, the oxidation number of chromium is +6 in the reactant and +3 in the product. Carbon containing compounds loss the electron therefore it is reducing agent (C2H5OH). Chromium containing compound gains the electron therefore it is oxidizing agent (CH3COOH).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The oxidized and reduced substance has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Refer to part (b)

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The given equation is shown below,

  3 C2H5OH(aq) + 4 K++ 2 Cr2O72+ 8 H++ 8HSO43 CH3COOH (aq) + 4 Cr3+ + 6 SO42(aq) + 4 K++ 2 SO42(aq) + 11 H2O(l)

Oxidation number of element in the reactant:

Oxidation number of potassium is +1 in the reactant, the oxidation number of carbon in ethanol is given below,

  C2H5OH:2(x)+6(1)+1(-2)=02x + 6 - 2 =0x=2

The oxidation number of carbon is +2.

Oxidation number of chromium in Cr2O72 is given below,

  Cr2O72:2(x) + 7(-2)=22x - 14=2x =+ 6

The oxidation number of chromium is +6.

Oxidation number of sulfur in HSO4 is given below,

  HSO4:1+ (x) + 4(-2)=1x - 7=1x =+ 6

The oxidation number of sulfur is +6.

Oxidation number of element in the product:

Oxidation number of potassium is +1 in the reactant, the oxidation number of carbon in ethanol is given below,

  CH3COOH:2(x)+4(1)+2(-2)=02x + 4 - 4 =0x=0

Oxidation number of carbon is zero.

Oxidation number of sulfur in HSO4 is given below,

  SO42:(x) + 4(-2)=2x - 8=1x =+ 6

The oxidation number of sulfur is +6.

Oxidation state of hydrogen is +1 and oxygen is 2 in water.

Oxidation number of carbon is +2 in the reactant and zero in the product, the oxidation number of chromium is +6 in the reactant and +3 in the product. Carbon containing compounds loss the electron therefore it has being oxidized (C2H5OH). Chromium containing compound gains the electron therefore it has being reduced (K2Cr2O7).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The oxidizing agent and reducing agent has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Refer to part (b)

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The given equation is shown below,

  3 C2H5OH(aq) + 4 K++ 2 Cr2O72+ 8 H++ 8HSO43 CH3COOH (aq) + 4 Cr3+ + 6 SO42(aq) + 4 K++ 2 SO42(aq) + 11 H2O(l)

Oxidation number of element in the reactant:

Oxidation number of potassium is +1 in the reactant, the oxidation number of carbon in ethanol is given below,

  C2H5OH:2(x)+6(1)+1(-2)=02x + 6 - 2 =0x=2

The oxidation number of carbon is +2.

Oxidation number of chromium in Cr2O72 is given below,

  Cr2O72:2(x) + 7(-2)=22x - 14=2x =+ 6

The oxidation number of chromium is +6.

Oxidation number of sulfur in HSO4 is given below,

  HSO4:1+ (x) + 4(-2)=1x - 7=1x =+ 6

The oxidation number of sulfur is +6.

Oxidation number of element in the product:

Oxidation number of potassium is +1 in the reactant, the oxidation number of carbon in ethanol is given below,

  CH3COOH:2(x)+4(1)+2(-2)=02x + 4 - 4 =0x=0

Oxidation number of carbon is zero.

Oxidation number of sulfur in HSO4 is given below,

  SO42:(x) + 4(-2)=2x - 8=1x =+ 6

The oxidation number of sulfur is +6.

Oxidation state of hydrogen is +1 and oxygen is 2 in water.

Oxidation number of carbon is +2 in the reactant and zero in the product, the oxidation number of chromium is +6 in the reactant and +3 in the product. Carbon containing compounds loss the electron therefore it is reducing agent (C2H5OH). Chromium containing compound gains the electron therefore it is oxidizing agent (CH3COOH).

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Science

Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.5CECh. 3.4 - Look back through the discussion of electrolytes...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.8PSPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.9PSPCh. 3.4 - Write a balanced equation for the reaction of...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.6ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.7ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.8ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.9CECh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.10CECh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.11CECh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.12CECh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.13ECh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.11PSPCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.12PSPCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.14CECh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.15CECh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.16ECh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.13PSPCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.17ECh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.14PSPCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3.15PSPCh. 3.7 - Using the same reaction, calculate the mass of...Ch. 3.7 - At high temperatures, silicon dioxide reacts with...Ch. 3.7 - Urea is used as a fertilizer because it can react...Ch. 3.8 - Assume the methanol synthesis has an 85.0% yield...Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.19PSPCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.19ECh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.20ECh. 3.9 - Phenol is a compound of carbon, hydrogen, and...Ch. 3.9 - Calcium carbonate forms carbon dioxide and calcium...Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.20PSPCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.23ECh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.24ECh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.25CECh. 3.10 - Describe how you would prepare each solution. 1.00...Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.26ECh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.22PSPCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.27CECh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.23PSPCh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.24PSPCh. 3.11 - Sodium chloride is used in intravenous solutions...Ch. 3.12 - Show that the reaction of KMnO4 with H2O2 is a...Ch. 3.12 - Prob. 3.25PSPCh. 3 - Aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfide and...Ch. 3 - In a blast furnace at high temperature, iron(III)...Ch. 3 - What information does a balanced chemical equation...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 3QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 4QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 5QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 6QRTCh. 3 - When asked, “What is the limiting reactant?” you...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 9QRTCh. 3 - For this reaction, fill in the table with the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 12QRTCh. 3 - This diagram shows A (blue spheres) reacting with...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 15QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 16QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 17QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 18QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 19QRTCh. 3 - Balance these equations. (a) UO2(s) + HF() UF4(s)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 21QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 22QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 23QRTCh. 3 - Balance these combustion reactions. (a) C6H12O6 +...Ch. 3 - Prob. 25QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 26QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 27QRTCh. 3 - Which substance conducts electricity when...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QRTCh. 3 - Predict whether each compound is soluble in water....Ch. 3 - Prob. 31QRTCh. 3 - Which drawing is the best nanoscale representation...Ch. 3 - If aqueous solutions of potassium carbonate and...Ch. 3 - If aqueous solutions of potassium sulfide and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 35QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 36QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 37QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 38QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 39QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 40QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 41QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 42QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 43QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 44QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 45QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 46QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 47QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 48QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 49QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 50QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 51QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 52QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 53QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 54QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 55QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 56QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 57QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 58QRTCh. 3 - Nitrogen monoxide is oxidized in air to give brown...Ch. 3 - Prob. 60QRTCh. 3 - The final step in the manufacture of platinum...Ch. 3 - Disulfur dichloride, S2Cl2, is used to vulcanize...Ch. 3 - Prob. 63QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 64QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 65QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 66QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 67QRTCh. 3 - Cisplatin, Pt(NH3)2Cl2, a drug used in the...Ch. 3 - Aluminum chloride, Al2Cl6, is an inexpensive...Ch. 3 - Prob. 70QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 71QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 72QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 73QRTCh. 3 - Quicklime, CaO, is formed when calcium hydroxide...Ch. 3 - Prob. 75QRTCh. 3 - Disulfur dichloride, which has a revolting smell,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 77QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 78QRTCh. 3 - Quinone, which is used in the dye industry and in...Ch. 3 - l-Dopa is a drug used for the treatment of...Ch. 3 - Write the balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 82QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 83QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 84QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 85QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 86QRTCh. 3 - You need 300. mL of 0.500-M K2Cr2O7. Which method...Ch. 3 - You need to make a 0.300-M solution of NiSO4(aq)....Ch. 3 - You wish to make a 0.200-M solution of CuSO4(aq)....Ch. 3 - Prob. 90QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 91QRTCh. 3 - You mix 25.0 mL of 0.234-M FeCl3 solution with...Ch. 3 - A soft drink contains an unknown mass of citric...Ch. 3 - Prob. 94QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 95QRTCh. 3 - Potassium hydrogen phthalate, KHC8H4O4, is used to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 97QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 98QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 99QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 100QRTCh. 3 - Boron forms an extensive series of compounds with...Ch. 3 - Prob. 102QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 103QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 104QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 105QRTCh. 3 - Azurite is a copper-containing mineral that often...Ch. 3 - Prob. 107QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 108QRTCh. 3 - Vitamin C is ascorbic acid, HC6H7O6, which can be...Ch. 3 - Prob. 110QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 111QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 112QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 113QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 114QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 115QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 116QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 117QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 118QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 119QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 120QRTCh. 3 - Ammonia can be formed by a direct reaction of...Ch. 3 - Carbon monoxide burns readily in oxygen to form...Ch. 3 - Prob. 123QRTCh. 3 - Write a balanced chemical equation that represents...Ch. 3 - A student set up an experiment for six different...Ch. 3 - A weighed sample of a metal is added to liquid...Ch. 3 - Prob. 127QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 128QRTCh. 3 - Each box represents a tiny volume in an aqueous...Ch. 3 - Consider the chemical reaction 2 S + 3 O2 → 2 SO3....Ch. 3 - Prob. 131QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 132QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 133QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 134QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 135QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 136QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 137QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 138QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 139QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 140QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 141QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 142QRTCh. 3 - In a reaction, 1.2 g element A reacts with exactly...Ch. 3 - Prob. 144QRTCh. 3 - When solutions of silver nitrate and sodium...Ch. 3 - Nickel metal reacts with aqueous silver nitrate in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 147QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 148QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 149QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 150QRTCh. 3 - A mountain lake that is 4.0 km × 6.0 km with an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 152QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 153QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 154QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 155QRTCh. 3 - Ethanol, C2H5OH, is a gasoline additive that can...Ch. 3 - Prob. 157QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.ACPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.BCPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.DCPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.ECPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.FCPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.GCP
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