Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781285199047
Author: John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 111QRT
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The composition of the liquid has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Balancing reaction:

Balanced reaction is a chemical reaction in which number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are same on both reactant side and the product side.

Steps in balancing the information

  • Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation
  • Step 2: Find the coefficient to balance the equation.
  • The coefficient should be reduced to the smallest whole number.

Combustion reaction:

Combustion is an exothermic reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant. Oxidant is usually atmospheric oxygen.

Generally organic molecule undergoes combustion reaction which produces carbon dioxide and water molecule.

  Hydrocarbons  +  O2(g)    CO2(g) +  H2O(g)

Number of moles can be calculated by using following formula,

  No.of Moles  = MassMolarmass

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Generally organic molecule undergoes combustion reaction which produces carbon dioxide and water molecule. Therefore,

  1. (a) if the ethyl alcohol burns the balancing equation is given below,

  C2H5OH +  O2(g)    CO2(g) +  H2O(g)

When balancing the equation, altering the subscripts is restricted and changing the coefficients can be done. There are two carbon atoms in the left side of the reaction and one carbon in the right side of the reaction, therefore two molecule of carbon dioxide is added to the right side of the reaction Now, the balanced equation is given below.

    C2H5OH +  O2(g)    2 CO2(g) +  H2O(g)

There are six hydrogen atoms in the left side of the reaction and two hydrogen atoms in the right side of the reaction, therefore three molecule of water is added to the right side of the reaction. Now, the balanced equation is given below.

  C2H5OH +  O2(g)    2 CO2(g) +  3 H2O(g)

There are three oxygen atoms in the left side of the reaction and seven oxygen atoms in the right side of the reaction, therefore three molecule of oxygen is added to the left side of the reaction. Now, the balanced equation is given below.

    C2H5OH +  3 O2(g)    2 CO2(g) +  3 H2O(g)

  1. (b) if the ethyl alcohol burns the balancing equation is given below,

  CH3OH +  O2(g)    CO2(g) +  H2O(g)

When balancing the equation, altering the subscripts is restricted and changing the coefficients can be done. There are four hydrogen atoms in the left side of the reaction and two hydrogen atoms in the right side of the reaction. Therefore, two molecule of water is added to the right side of the reaction. Now, the balanced equation is given below.

    CH3OH +  O2(g)    CO2(g) +  2H2O(g)

There are three oxygen atoms in the left side of the reaction and four oxygen atoms in the right side of the reaction. Therefore, 3/2 molecule of oxygen is added to the left side of the reaction. Now, the balanced equation is given below.

  CH3OH  +  32O2(g)    CO2(g) +  2H2O(g)

Multiply the reaction by 2 to get the whole numbers, now, the balanced equation is given below.

    2CH3OH +  3O2(g)    2 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g)

The statement is shown below,

The weight of ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol is 0.280 g, it burned and forms 0.385 g CO2(g)

Let consider,

X is the mass of the ethyl alcohol.

Y is the mass of methyl alcohol.

Total mass of sample =X + Y = 0.280 g.

  Y = 0.280 – X

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44.0095 g/mol,

Moles of carbon dioxide is calculated as follows,

  Moles of the carbon dioxide=0.3851molCO244.0095gCO2Moles of the carbon dioxide=8.748×10-3mol

Molar mass of ethanol = 46.0682 g/mol, Molar mass of methanol  = 32.0417 g/mol.

According to the balance equation, one mole of ethanol reacts with three moles of oxygen gives two moles of two moles of carbon dioxide and three moles of water.

Similarly, two moles of methanol reacts with three moles of oxygen gives two moles of two moles of carbon dioxide and four moles of water.

Moles of carbon is calculated as follows,

  8.748×10-3molCO2=XgC2H5OH×1molC2H5OH46.0682gC2H5OH×2molCO21molC2H5OH+YgCH3OH×1molCH3OH32.0417gCH3OH×1molCO21molCH3OH8.748×10-3molCO2=0.0434X+0.0312Y

Substitute the Y value in the equation,

  8.748×10-3=0.0434X+0.0312Y8.748×10-3=0.0434X+0.0312(0.280-X)8.748×10-3=0.0434X+8.738×10-3-0.0312X8.748×10-3-8.738×10-3=0.0122X1.0×10-5=0.0122XX = 8.197×10-4

Total mass of sample = X + Y = 0.280 g

  X + Y = 0.280 g8.197×10-4 + Y = 0.280 gY = 0.279 g.

Percentage of methanol is calculated as follows,

    Composition of the Methanol=0.279gmethanol0.280gliquid×100%Composition of the Methanol=99.64%

Percentage of ethanol is calculated as follows,

    Composition of the ethanol=8.197×10-4gethanol0.280gliquid×100%Composition of the ethanol=0.293%

The composition of the methanol is 99.64% and ethanol is 0.293%.

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Science

Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.5CECh. 3.4 - Look back through the discussion of electrolytes...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.8PSPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.9PSPCh. 3.4 - Write a balanced equation for the reaction of...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.6ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.7ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.8ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.9CECh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.10CECh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.11CECh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.12CECh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.13ECh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.11PSPCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.12PSPCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.14CECh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.15CECh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.16ECh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.13PSPCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.17ECh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.14PSPCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3.15PSPCh. 3.7 - Using the same reaction, calculate the mass of...Ch. 3.7 - At high temperatures, silicon dioxide reacts with...Ch. 3.7 - Urea is used as a fertilizer because it can react...Ch. 3.8 - Assume the methanol synthesis has an 85.0% yield...Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.19PSPCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.19ECh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.20ECh. 3.9 - Phenol is a compound of carbon, hydrogen, and...Ch. 3.9 - Calcium carbonate forms carbon dioxide and calcium...Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.20PSPCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.23ECh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.24ECh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.25CECh. 3.10 - Describe how you would prepare each solution. 1.00...Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.26ECh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.22PSPCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.27CECh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.23PSPCh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.24PSPCh. 3.11 - Sodium chloride is used in intravenous solutions...Ch. 3.12 - Show that the reaction of KMnO4 with H2O2 is a...Ch. 3.12 - Prob. 3.25PSPCh. 3 - Aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfide and...Ch. 3 - In a blast furnace at high temperature, iron(III)...Ch. 3 - What information does a balanced chemical equation...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 3QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 4QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 5QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 6QRTCh. 3 - When asked, “What is the limiting reactant?” you...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 9QRTCh. 3 - For this reaction, fill in the table with the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 12QRTCh. 3 - This diagram shows A (blue spheres) reacting with...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 15QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 16QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 17QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 18QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 19QRTCh. 3 - Balance these equations. (a) UO2(s) + HF() UF4(s)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 21QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 22QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 23QRTCh. 3 - Balance these combustion reactions. (a) C6H12O6 +...Ch. 3 - Prob. 25QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 26QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 27QRTCh. 3 - Which substance conducts electricity when...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QRTCh. 3 - Predict whether each compound is soluble in water....Ch. 3 - Prob. 31QRTCh. 3 - Which drawing is the best nanoscale representation...Ch. 3 - If aqueous solutions of potassium carbonate and...Ch. 3 - If aqueous solutions of potassium sulfide and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 35QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 36QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 37QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 38QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 39QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 40QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 41QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 42QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 43QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 44QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 45QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 46QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 47QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 48QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 49QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 50QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 51QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 52QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 53QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 54QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 55QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 56QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 57QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 58QRTCh. 3 - Nitrogen monoxide is oxidized in air to give brown...Ch. 3 - Prob. 60QRTCh. 3 - The final step in the manufacture of platinum...Ch. 3 - Disulfur dichloride, S2Cl2, is used to vulcanize...Ch. 3 - Prob. 63QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 64QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 65QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 66QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 67QRTCh. 3 - Cisplatin, Pt(NH3)2Cl2, a drug used in the...Ch. 3 - Aluminum chloride, Al2Cl6, is an inexpensive...Ch. 3 - Prob. 70QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 71QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 72QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 73QRTCh. 3 - Quicklime, CaO, is formed when calcium hydroxide...Ch. 3 - Prob. 75QRTCh. 3 - Disulfur dichloride, which has a revolting smell,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 77QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 78QRTCh. 3 - Quinone, which is used in the dye industry and in...Ch. 3 - l-Dopa is a drug used for the treatment of...Ch. 3 - Write the balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 82QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 83QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 84QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 85QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 86QRTCh. 3 - You need 300. mL of 0.500-M K2Cr2O7. Which method...Ch. 3 - You need to make a 0.300-M solution of NiSO4(aq)....Ch. 3 - You wish to make a 0.200-M solution of CuSO4(aq)....Ch. 3 - Prob. 90QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 91QRTCh. 3 - You mix 25.0 mL of 0.234-M FeCl3 solution with...Ch. 3 - A soft drink contains an unknown mass of citric...Ch. 3 - Prob. 94QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 95QRTCh. 3 - Potassium hydrogen phthalate, KHC8H4O4, is used to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 97QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 98QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 99QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 100QRTCh. 3 - Boron forms an extensive series of compounds with...Ch. 3 - Prob. 102QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 103QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 104QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 105QRTCh. 3 - Azurite is a copper-containing mineral that often...Ch. 3 - Prob. 107QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 108QRTCh. 3 - Vitamin C is ascorbic acid, HC6H7O6, which can be...Ch. 3 - Prob. 110QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 111QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 112QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 113QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 114QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 115QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 116QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 117QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 118QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 119QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 120QRTCh. 3 - Ammonia can be formed by a direct reaction of...Ch. 3 - Carbon monoxide burns readily in oxygen to form...Ch. 3 - Prob. 123QRTCh. 3 - Write a balanced chemical equation that represents...Ch. 3 - A student set up an experiment for six different...Ch. 3 - A weighed sample of a metal is added to liquid...Ch. 3 - Prob. 127QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 128QRTCh. 3 - Each box represents a tiny volume in an aqueous...Ch. 3 - Consider the chemical reaction 2 S + 3 O2 → 2 SO3....Ch. 3 - Prob. 131QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 132QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 133QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 134QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 135QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 136QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 137QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 138QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 139QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 140QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 141QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 142QRTCh. 3 - In a reaction, 1.2 g element A reacts with exactly...Ch. 3 - Prob. 144QRTCh. 3 - When solutions of silver nitrate and sodium...Ch. 3 - Nickel metal reacts with aqueous silver nitrate in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 147QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 148QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 149QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 150QRTCh. 3 - A mountain lake that is 4.0 km × 6.0 km with an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 152QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 153QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 154QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 155QRTCh. 3 - Ethanol, C2H5OH, is a gasoline additive that can...Ch. 3 - Prob. 157QRTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.ACPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.BCPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.DCPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.ECPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.FCPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.GCP
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