Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 29, Problem 10TYU
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
A Minnesota gardener notes that the plants immediately bordering a walkway are stunted compared with those farther away. Suspecting that the soil near the walkway may be contaminated from salt added to the walkway in winter the gardener tests the soil. The composition of the soil near the walkway is identical to that farther away except that it contains an additional 50 mM NaCl. Assuming that the NaCl is completely ionized, calculate how much it will lower the solute potential of the soil at 20°C using the solute potential equation
where i = the ionization constant (2 for NaCl), C = the molar concentration (in moles/liter), R = the pressure constant [R = 0.00831 (liter MPa)/(mole K)] and T = temperature in Kelvin (273 + °C) Describe how this change in the solute potential of the soil would affect the water potential of the soil. Explain how the change in the water potential of the soil would affect the movement of water in or out of the roots
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Students have asked these similar questions
3) A soil bacteria wishes to open a health spa
where the air is not too dry but the premises don't
flood frequently either. She is hoping for a soil
with a relative humidity between 50-60%. A
lawyer acquaintance (a real fungus) is trying to sell
her some property. He boasts that the area has a
year-round matric potential of about -6.5 MPa, an
electrical conductivity (in the pore-water) of 5
dS/m, and a comfortable temperature of 15 oC.
The hard-sell lawyer is pressuring her for a quick
decision. Does the property meet her
requirements?
Observation: I want to know what effect salt has on the growth of grass. So I measure out 3 equal-sized squares of grass out the back of the Green Building. The first square of lawn I water with 5 liters of pure water from a watering can every day. The second square of lawn I water with 5 liters of pure water with 2 grams of salt mixed in, every day. The third square of lawn I water with 5 liters of pure water with 4 grams of salt mixed in, every day. I measure the height of the grass after 14 days and note the following observations. The first square is green and 15 cm high. The second square is greeny-yellow and 6 cm high. The third square is yellowy-brown and looks dead and is only 2cm high. What could we infer about the effect salt has on the growth of grass?
%OM
pH
EC
Ca2+
Mg2+
K+
Na+
Al3+
H+
%
dS/m
cmolc/kg soil
cmolc/kg soil
cmolc/kg soil
cmolc/kg soil
cmolc/kg soil
cmolc/kg soil
2.7%
7.6
4.5
19
13
10
3
1
4
Is this soil affected? If so, what type?
- saline
- sodic
- not salt affected
- saline-sodic
Chapter 29 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 29.1 - Why is long-distance transport important for...Ch. 29.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 29.1 - WHAT IF? Some plants can detect increased levels...Ch. 29.2 - If a plant cell immersed in distilled water has a...Ch. 29.2 - How would a reduction in the number of aquaporin...Ch. 29.2 - WHAT IF? What would happen if you put plant...Ch. 29.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 29.3 - WHAT IF? If an element increases the growth rate...Ch. 29.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 29.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 29.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 29.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 29.5 - A scientist adds a water-soluble inhibitor of...Ch. 29.5 - WHAT IF? Suppose an Arabidopsis mutant lacking...Ch. 29.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 29.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 29.6 - WHAT IF? If you buy cut flowers, why might the...Ch. 29.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 29.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 29.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 29.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 29 - Which structure or compartment is part of the...Ch. 29 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 29 - What would enhance water uptake by a plant cell?...Ch. 29 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 29 - Compared with a cell with few aquaporin proteins...Ch. 29 - Two groups of tomatoes were grown in the...Ch. 29 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 29 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY A Minnesota gardener notes that...Ch. 29 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 29 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS The soil in which plants...Ch. 29 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Which of the following condition indicate a very dry soil? O Matric potential3D5 kpa O Matric potential=D0 kpa O Matric potential=-1000 kpa O Matric potential=-100 kpa O Osmotic potential= -10 pa dotermines tCarrow_forwardHow does increasing solute concentration affect water potential? (a) water potential becomes more positive (b) water potential becomes more negative (c) water potential becomes more positive under certain conditions and more negative under other conditions (d) water potential is not affected by solute concentration (e) water potential is always zero when solutes are dissolved in waterarrow_forwardSolution A has a more negative water potential than solution B. Which of the following statements is/are 1 correct? Statement 1: Solution B has a higher wa potential than solution A Statement 2: There would be a net movement of water from solution A to solution B Statement 3: There would be a net movement of water from solution A to distilled water A 1,2 and 3 are correct B Only 1 and 2 are correct C Only 2 and 3 are correct D Only 1is correct Membarrow_forward
- According to the water potential values shown in the image, which ones are wrong and why? W air (22 °C, 50% HR) -100 MPa Cas V sheet -0.2 MPa W stem -0.01 MPa to -0.1 MPa W soil -1 MPa to -0.51 MPa -4 MPa W root -0.1 MPa toarrow_forwardOO O O 5 TIME Remaning water. Below is a table showing data from an experiment in which leave disks were exposed to different colored light. The times it took for the leave disks to float to the surface are recorded under each light color column. The numbers in the left column indicate 10 groups conducted the experiment. Diagram 5: Experimental Set-Up for leaf discs under various colors of light Light color: Green Blue Plain Red Data collection and processing Recorded times for leaf dises ni sing for different colors - Trial I (seconds) (+2 Seconds ) Red Plain 80 170 209 172 183 333 40 80 89 97 102 121 124 138 152 162 377 184 4 380 462 398 167 510 6 516 380 546 381 565 642 820 899 381 558 9 10 A Table 1: This is the time that it took for the first 10 leaf discs to rise when exposed to light while submerged in water. (One of 3 trials) 612 604 1005 S58 Look at the data for leaf disk #2 in the Table 1. Under which color of light would the least amount of H* be available to pass through…arrow_forwardi. Give an example of a plant organ that functions as the source and the sink in thetransport above. Source: Sink:arrow_forward
- The water potential of three adjacent plant cells are as follows: X 0kPa Y -1000kPa Z -4000kPa In which direction will water move?arrow_forwardHow many times greater is the H+ concentration in a soil with a pH of 3.0 versus a pH of 6.0?What is the ratio of H+ ions in a soil with a pH of 9.0 versus a soil with a pH of 7.0? (the ratio pH9.0/pH 4.0) Hint: pH is measured on a logarithmic scale, consider this in your calculationarrow_forwardThe osmotic potential of the plant cell is -0.1 MPa and it is placed in an 9 mM sorbitol solution (21 °C). Calculate the turgor pressure of the cell when the water potential of the cell has equilibrated to the same as that of the solution.arrow_forward
- 43. Two soil samples, A & B, at same soil moisture levels are placed in contact with each other. Water will more likely move from soil B to soil A if their osmotic potentials, expressed in kPa, are: O A=-30; B=-70 O A=-10; B=+10 O A=-60; B=-10 O A=-50; B=-100 OA=-20%; B=-20arrow_forwardDRAW IT Draw a simple sketch of cation exchange, showinga root hair, a soil particle with anions, and a hydrogen iondisplacing a mineral cation.arrow_forwardName two soil properties that can affect infiltration rates. How does application rate affect infiltration? Why are infiltration rates typically higher in a sandy than in a clay soil?arrow_forward
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