What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781464157745
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 26, Problem 8SA
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
How it is possible for the immune system to respond quickly during the second attack of a pathogen.
Introduction:
After the first attack, memory immune cells are created and constantly circulating in the body.
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The body’s immune response comprises innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Virulence is the capacity of a pathogen to cause disease
BOTH statements are FALSE
BOTH statements are TRUE
FIRST statement is FALSE; SECOND statement is TRUE
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Why does the immensely powerful immune system of the body, an organ system that has evolved over millennia of challenges from a wide variety of infectious and noninfectious invaders to become an exceedingly effective defender of the body against agents far more virulent than HIV, now appear to be powerless against it?
The correct order of words to describe how innate
immune response responds to a pathogen that has
gotten by the physical and chemical barriers is:
À) Skin, Saliva, Cytokines, Macrophage
B)Macrophage, Cytokines, Neutrophil, Natural Killer
Cell
C) Neutrophil, Cytokines, Killer T Cell, Antibodies
D) Antigen, Macrophage, B Cell, Killer T Cell
Chapter 26 Solutions
What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
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- The study of the immune system is known as ______________________ .arrow_forwardThe fact that the body does not normally mount an immune response to the molecules in food is an example of _______ . a. secondary immune response b. immunological memory c. immune tolerance d. passive immunityarrow_forwardTrue or False. The adaptive immune response protects from one specific pathogen, but there is an exception if pathogens are closely related like with Smallpox and Cowpox. A) True B) Falsearrow_forward
- Acquired or adaptive immunity can be divided in to Natural Active, Natural Passive, Artificial Active, and Artificial Passive Immunity. Which types will lead to long lasting immune protection? Which will provide short term protection?arrow_forwardThis type of immunity results from the recovery from illness (i.e. having pneumonia). naturally acquired active immunity artificially acquired passive immunity Onaturally acquired passive immunity artificially acquired active immunityarrow_forwardWhy is antigen-presentation important in fighting infection?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is correct regarding active and passive immunity? a) Immunological memory is established by passive immunization. b) The antibodies utilized in passive immunity are acquired from another organism. C)A vaccination is an example of the introduction of passive immunity into the body.arrow_forwardDescribe neutrophils and NK cells, giving one example of how each cell type destroys pathogens that have invaded your body. Why are they both part of the “innate” immune system?arrow_forwardWhich of the following lists contains cells that are typically considered to be associated with the innate immune response? Question 14 options: A) neutrophils, macrophages, T cells B) neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells C) B cells, T cells, and NK cells D) basophils, T cells, mast cellsarrow_forward
- What type(s) of biological molecule(s) are the best at inducing immune responses? What properties make these molecules good antigens? (Remember: the biological molecules are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids)arrow_forwardThe development of primary and secondary immune responses to an antigen differs significantly. The primary response may take a week or more to develop fully and establish memory. The secondary response is rapid and relies on the activation of clones of memory cells. Would it not be better if clones of reactive cells were maintained regardless of prior exposure? In this way, the body could always respond rapidly to any antigen exposure. Would there be any disadvantages to this approach? Why?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between natural and acquired immunity?arrow_forward
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