What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781464157745
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 26, Problem 12MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Allergies occur when the immune system reacts to what should be harmless, common substances in the environment.
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Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by the immune system to fight
multicellular parasites?
Select one:
a. Antibodies coating the pathogen surface bind to FcRs on mast cells, causing release of granule contents onto
surface, and damage the parasite.
b. Crosslinking of antibody binding to FceRI on eosinophils cells triggers release of granules, causing smooth
muscle contractions.
Muscle contractions in the mucosal tracts causes sneezing, coughing, vomiting or diarrhea, dislodging the
parasite.
d. The parasite is killed and broken down extracellularly, and then phagocytosed by macrophages.
C.
In cell culture experiments, purified B cells expressing IgM can be induced to switch to producing IgE by stimulating them with an
antibody to CD40 (a stimulatory antibody) plus the cytokine IL-4. In an individual undergoing an immune response, these signals would
normally be provided by
follicular dendritic cells in the germinal center.
other B cells in the germinal center.
TFH cells in the germinal center.
any CD4 T cell in the same lymph node.
00
A child is exposed to poison sumac (a woody shrub) for the first time, but it does not develop any reaction after this first exposure. In subsequent months, he is exposed again to the same plant. Two days after re-exposure, he develops a painful rash. The doctor tells the child's parents that he has allergic contact dermatitis, which is a humoral-related immune response. The doctor assessment is incorrect because A. Poison ivy does not cause contact dermatitis B. This reaction is not a delayed cell-related immunity C. This is an autoimmunity disease D. This is not a humoral response. T cells are responsible for this type of hypersensitivity. E. None of the above, the doctor is correct in his assessment
Chapter 26 Solutions
What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
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- Which of the following statements best explains why the immune system can continue to make antibodies after treatment with the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab? a. New CD20-positive B cells are reconstituted so quickly that antibody concentration during and after treatment is unaffected. b. Rituximab stimulates B-cell proliferation, so for a short while after its administration there is actually an increase in antibody concentration. c. Rituximab is a mouse monoclonal antibody and therefore its Fc region is unable to bind to the surface d. Plasma cells do not express CD20 on their cell surface, and antibody production by these cells continues unhampered. e. Rituximab stimulates anti-antibody production, leading to its rapid clearance by the body.arrow_forwardThe contact with allergen that primes mast cells is the a. sensitizing dose b. degranulation dose. c. provocative dose. d. desensitizing dose.arrow_forwardHypothetically, HPV was used to cure cancer where the cancer was recognized to be foreign by our host immune response. So therefore, which of the following best illustrates how HPV was used to cure cancer?a. The HPV induced a type IV hypersensitivity immune responseb. The HPV induced a type III hypersensitivity immune responsec. The HPV induced a type II hypersensitivity immune responsed. The HPV induced a type I hypersensitivity immune responsee. The HPV induced a type IV autoimmune responsearrow_forward
- Which of the following characteristics is true of large Pre-B cells? Select one: a. They do not express CD19 at the cell surface. b. Rearrangement of light-chain genes commences. c. Nonproductive rearrangement of both heavy-chain loci has already occurred. d. Allelic exclusion of the immunoglobulin light-chain loci has already occurred. u is assembled with VpreB25. e.arrow_forwardHay fever, also called allergic rhinitis, is a common ailment in the spring. People who experience hay fever have sensitive immune systems that respond to pollen in the air. When pollen, the allergen, enters the airways, the inflammatory response is triggered, even though pollen is not a dangerous molecule. Symptoms include inflammation of the airways, nasal congestion, and watery eyes. While there is currently no cure for hay fever, people suffering from it often take antihistamines, medications that inhibit the action of histamine. How would this help the condition?arrow_forwardIf B cells making high-affinity IgG4 are unable to switch to IgE at a late stage in the germinal center reaction during a helminth infection, then _____. (Select all that apply.) a. a chronic infection will ensue b. IgG4 will activate macrophages to secrete inflammatory cytokines c. a type III hypersensitivity reaction will result d. mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils will not be activated e. a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction is required to eradicate the infection.arrow_forward
- Define the following terms: a. growth factors b. cytokine c. second messenger d. enzyme cascade e. desensitizationarrow_forwardwhich of the following describes a potential property of the variable region released? a-activation of complement b- neutralization of toxin c- opsonization of bacteria d- crossing of the placenta e-agglunation of antigenarrow_forwardInhibitory receptors on lymphocytes down-regulate immune responses by recruiting protein or lipid phosphatases.BCR signaling on B cells is initiated by antigen binding, leading to mTOR activation. This occurs, for instance, when the antigen is a live microbe that binds to the BCR on the B cells. Which one of the forms of antigen shown below the graph would correctly account for the data shown in the figure?arrow_forward
- IgE binds to which of these cell types to trigger allergic responses? O 1) B cell O 2) neutrophil O 3) mast cell 4) Monocytearrow_forwardIf a centrocyte does not interact with antigen and engage CD40 shortly after its derivation, then Select one: a. it recommences somatic hypermutation b. it undergoes apoptosis C. it moves back into the dark zone of the germinal center and switches its isotype d. its surface immunogloblulin levels decrease and proliferation recommences.arrow_forwardIn the secondary response, the IgG levels rise much faster than they did during the first antibody response. Why is this?Choose one: A. The plasma cells that were produced for the first response have a very long half-life, so they are able to produce antibodies for the second response without activation of other B cells. B. Memory B cells are capable of producing antibodies directly, so there is no need to spend time differentiating them into plasma cells. C. By the secondary response, there are B cells and T cells that have differentiated into plasma cells, giving more total plasma cells to work with. D. Memory B cells are present for the secondary response. Those cells are much easier to activate than the naive B cells; therefore, the response occurs much more quickly and on a larger scale.arrow_forward
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