What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781464157745
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 26, Problem 4MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Vaccines are a way of safely exposing the immune system to the pathogen to develop immunity against it.
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Which one of the following most correctly describes vaccines containing live, attenuated pathogens?
A.They are administered by injection.
B.They provide little cell-mediated immunity.
C.There is no possibility for reversion to pathogenic form.
D.Pathogen does not multiply in human hosts
E.They provide extended, sometimes life-long immunity.
Which of the following statements is most correct regarding SCIDs?a. They are the least severe form of primary immunodeficiency disease.b. They result from viral infections.c. They result from the action of complement.d. They involve dysfunction of both lymphocyte (B- and T-cell) systems.
Which of the following statements does not
describe tolerogens accurately?
Select one:
A. They can be the same molecules as
immunogens.
B. They lead immune cells to become
unresponsive.
C. They can be foreign antigens.
D. They affect B cells but not T cells.
E. The can be presented by antigen-
presenting cells.
Chapter 26 Solutions
What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
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- Which of the following is not a function of antibodies? Select one: a. They neutralize pathogens by masking the pathogen surface. b. They act as molecular adaptors that bridge together pathogen and phagocyte surfaces. c. They exert toxic effects directly. d. They act as opsonins that mediate phagocytosis. e. They activate complement fixation.arrow_forwardWhich of these is a valid example of an antigen and its corresponding epitope? Select one: a. An antigen is a retrovirus and an epitope is a portion of the retrovirus to which an antibody or T-cell binds. b. An antigen is an antibody and an epitope is the cytotoxic T-cell produced to degrade the antibody. c. None of these choices. d. An antigen is a cytotoxic T-cell and an epitope is a molecular portion of foreign material. e. An antigen is an antibody and the epitope is a virus to which the antigen binds.arrow_forwardActive vs Passive vaccination, which is false: A. Passive vaccination: involves infusion of another person's activated B cells resulting in immediately available antibodies. B. Active immunity provides long term protection C. Passive immunity produces short term protection from the specific virus D. Attentuated live vaccines, subunit vaccines including empty capsids, and recombinate vaccines are example of active vaccination.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT true regarding the alternative complement pathway? It can be triggered by infectious agent in absence of antibody. а. b. It does not require C1, C2 or C4. с. It cannot be initiated unless C3b fragments are already present. d. It has the terminal sequence of events as the lectin pathway.arrow_forwardCHAPTER 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity Matching SECTION 3 Revie w Match each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. opsonization 1 b. helper T cells Two parallel pairs of polypeptide chains Found on helper T cells C. antibody d. class II MHC 3 Active and passive 4 Transfer of antibodies e. costimulation Attacked by HIV f. IgM 6 Enhances phagocytosis g. class I MHC h. IgG 7 MHC proteins present in the plasma membranes of all nucleated cells i. passive immunity j. anaphylaxis 8 Differentiate into memory and plasma cells 9 MHC proteins present in the plasma membranes of all APCS and lymphocytes 9 k. CD4 markers 10 I. acquired immunity 10 Antibodies used to determine blood type 11 m. B lymphocytes 11 Secondary binding process required for T cell activation 12 12 Accounts for 80 percent of all immunoglobulins 13 13 Circulating allergen stimulates mast cells throughout body Match each lettered term with thearrow_forwardWhich of the following is a critical feature ofimmediate hypersensitivity?a. inflammationb. cytotoxic T cellsc. recruitment of immune cellsd. histamine releasearrow_forward
- Which of these statements about the Fab portion of antibodies is true? a.It binds to antigens. b.Its amino acid sequences are variable. c. It consists of both H and L chains. d. All of these are true.arrow_forwardThe capsule of the infecting microorganism which is composed of polysaccharides can also activate complement directly in the absence of A. Antibody via Alternative pathway B. Antibody via metabolic pathway C. Antigen via Alternative pathway D. None of the abovearrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. A vaccine is effective because a. The vaccine contains the antibodies necessary to fight infection. b. The vaccine contains the lymphocytes necessary to fight infection. c. The secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response. d. B lymphocytes are unable to mount an immune response the first time they are exposed to a new pathogen.arrow_forward
- Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. Allergens differ from antigens because a. Allergens produce an abnormally large immune response to what is an otherwise harmless particle. b. Allergens do not involve the leucocytes, they simple stimulate the inflammatory response. c. Allergens are only active seasonally and are generally harmless to the body. d. Allergens are primarily plant derived while antigens are bacterial or viral in nature.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? A. Hypersensitivity requires previous exposure to an antigen B. Hypersensitivity is due to the presence of a virus. C. Hypersensitivity occurs in the absence of an antigen. D. Hypersensitivity is synonymous with the term " infection". E. Hypersensitivity occurs when an individual is exposed to an allergen for the first time.arrow_forwardAll of the following are true in reference to T- cell priming except a. it occurs in primary lymphoid organs b. it transforms naive T cells into differentiated effector T cells c. it is the first stage of a primary adaptive immune response d. it requires interaction between naive T cells and antigen-presenting cells e. it takes place in many locations including, but not limited to, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and the tonsils.arrow_forward
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