Chapter 26, Problem 26.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The addition of a bromine atom in the given compound is known as bromination. Bromination occurs through an electrophilic substitution reaction. Bromine atom acts as an electrophile which causes the formation of sigma bond in the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The consecutive aldol condensation between benzil and substituted thiodiacetate gives thiophenes as the desired product followed by nucleophilic addition reaction. This reaction is known as Hinsberg reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of $\text{2-aminobenzaldehydes}$ with carbonyl compounds to form derivative of quinoline is known as Friedlander synthesis. The catalyst of the reaction is trifluoroacetic acid and Lewis acids.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The condensation reaction of aniline with diketones gives derivative of quinoline followed by ring closure of Schiff base intermediate. This reaction is known as Combes quinoline synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an aldehyde with $\text{β-ketoester}$ in the presence of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ undergoes condensation to form dihydropyridine as the corresponding product. This reaction is known as Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-nitrotoulene with ethyloxalate followed by reduction with the help of $\text{Zn}$ metal forms substituted indoles. This reaction is known as Reissert indole synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-iodoaniline with a substituted alkyne in the presence of palladium forms indoles as the corresponding product. This is a heteroannulation reaction which is known as Larsen-Chen indole synthesis.