Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 25, Problem 4P
The Energetic Cost of Nitrogen Excretion via the Urea Cycle How many ATP equivalents are consumed in the production of 1 equivalent of urea by the urea cycle?
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Including the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase step (CPS I) and the four steps of the urea cycle, how many ATP equivalents (phosphoanhydride bonds) are utilized to drive the formation of one urea molecule?
Conversion of amino acid
nitrogen into urea by the
liver for excretion
normally involves all the
following enzyme
activities EXCEPT
O Ornithine transcarbamoylase
Carbamoyl phosphate
synthetase II
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Arginase
Which of the following
statements about the
The urea cycle can be summarized through the following reaction:
O
||
H₂N-C-OPO3=
COO-
|
H3N-CHCH₂COO-
O
||
H₂N-C-NH2 + -OOCCH = CHCOO-
1. Write the reactions, using structural formulas that lead to the formation of carbamoyl phosphate and
its subsequent incorporation into the urea cycle. Name the enzymes and how they are activated.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 25 - Prob. 1PCh. 25 - Prob. 2PCh. 25 - Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase by Covalent...Ch. 25 - The Energetic Cost of Nitrogen Excretion via the...Ch. 25 - Prob. 5PCh. 25 - Prob. 6PCh. 25 - Prob. 7PCh. 25 - Prob. 8PCh. 25 - Prob. 9PCh. 25 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 25 - Prob. 11PCh. 25 - Prob. 12PCh. 25 - Prob. 13PCh. 25 - Prob. 14PCh. 25 - Prob. 15PCh. 25 - A Deficiency on 3-Phosphogtycerate Dehydrogenase...Ch. 25 - Prob. 17PCh. 25 - Prob. 18PCh. 25 - Prob. 19PCh. 25 - Consider the synthesis and degradation of tyrosine...Ch. 25 - Prob. 21PCh. 25 - Prob. 22P
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Discuss the two roles of N-acetylglutamate in the urea cycle. Include relevant chemical structures and reactions. What is the regulatory function of N-acetylglutamate in the urea cycle? What is the other role of N-acetylglutamate in relationship to the urea cycle? Glutamate is the precursor for N-acetylglutamate. How is glutamate involved in the connection between the urea cycle and the CAC?arrow_forwardCarbamoyl-phosphate synthase I is a mitochondrial enzyme which plays an important role in the urea cycle. It represents the committed step in the urea cycle. (i) Explain the reaction of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase I. (ii) Explain the regulation of urea cycle by N-acetylglutamate.arrow_forwardhyperammonemia in patients is compounded by the reality of the normal regulatory controls in the urea cycle. Explain how increased GDH oxidative deamination activity will inhibit the urea cycle.arrow_forward
- Which enzyme(s) in the urea cycle mediate(s) (an) irreversible reaction(s) (select all that apply)? O arginosuccinate synthetase arginosuccinase carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I arginase O ornithine transcarbamoylasearrow_forwardThe symptoms of partial deficiency of a urea cycle enzyme may be minimized by a low- protein diet. Explain.arrow_forwardOutline the path of 2 molecules of alanine to 1 molecule of glucose using alanine dehydrogenase and other processes or pathways you know. Determine the net reaction and make sure you include both the necessary cofactors AND the handling of the ammonia by the urea cycle.arrow_forward
- The urea cycle requires all of the following components except one of them: aspartate, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, ATP, citrulline/ornithine transporter and isocitrate. Identify the component. Explain the sequence of urea cycle using the required components and enzymes essential for each step of the cycle.arrow_forwardWrite an equation for the net reaction of the urea cycle.Show how the urea cycle is linked to the citric acid cycle.arrow_forwardHow many -amino acids participate directly in the ureacycle? Of these, how many can be used for protein synthesis?arrow_forward
- What is the possible connection between the Urea cycle and other metabolic pathways? Can intermediates of the urea cycle can serve as precursors for amino acid, carbohydrate, fatty acid, and/or nucleotide metabolism (anabolism/catabolism). Give examples. . avoid copyrighting and plagiarism.arrow_forwardIdentify urea in the Urea cycle below and show/explain where the two Nitrogen atoms of urea originate from. 3 2 ATP + HCO3 + NH3 4 CPS-1 2 ADP, P₁ NH3 CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ HC-NH3 Coo 1 7 H₂N NH₂ H₂N O=UN ARG1 H₂O OPO3²- feeli. NH₂ CH₂ CH₂ OTC CH₂ P₁ HỘ—NH3* ·8-3-4-8 • ASL CH 5 ΝΗ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ HỘNH3 COO NH₂ 3 3 ASS NH COO ΝΗ CH₂ CH₂ COO- CH₂ CH₂ HỘ NH3* COO 4 ATP PP₁ L-Asp AMParrow_forwardThe urea cycle can be summarized through the following reaction: O || H2N-C-OPO3 + COO- | H3N-CHCH₂COO b. O || H2N-C-NH2 1a Write the reactions, using structural formulas that lead to the formation of carbamoyl phosphate and its subsequent incorporation into the urea cycle. Name the enzymes and how they are activated. 1 + OOCCH=CHCOO- Write the rest of the reactions that constitute the urea cycle using structural formulas. Name the enzymes that catalyze each reaction. Indicate which reactions occur in the mitochondrion and which occur in the cytoplasm.arrow_forward
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