Organic Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780321803221
Author: Paula Y. Bruice
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Question
Chapter 25, Problem 44P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The product obtained in the reduction reaction of
Concept Introduction:
Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. The series involves 10 reactions.
Citric acid cycle: The cycle in which acetyl group of each molecule of
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In the citric acid cycle, a - ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
catalyzes the reaction from a - ketoglutarate to Succinyl
CoA. Given this reaction, calculate for the enthalpy of
formation of the product using (a) Hess's Law, (b)
standard enthalpies of formation and (c) mean bond
enthalpies. Show your complete solution.
COA-S
OOC
CH2
CH2
+ NAD++ COA
+ CO2 + NADH
CH2
a-ketoglutarate
CH2
dehydrogenase
COO
a-ketoglutarate
COO
Succinyl CoA
Please detail the chemical reaction catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). (Provide details not just the chemicals involved)
The enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is part of the pentose pathway
for glucose oxidation. What enzyme that is involved in glucose oxidation by the
citric acid cycle has a very similar reaction mechanism to 6-phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase?
A) isocitrate dehydrogenase
B) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
C) succinate dehydrogenase
D) malate dehydrogenase
E) pyruvate dehydrogenase
(99+
RATI
a
Chapter 25 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 2PCh. 25.6 - Prob. 3PCh. 25.6 - Why does the OH group add to the -carbon rather...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 5PCh. 25.6 - How many molecules of NADH are formed from the...Ch. 25.7 - Prob. 7PCh. 25.7 - Prob. 8PCh. 25.7 - The oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to...Ch. 25.7 - Prob. 10PCh. 25.8 - Prob. 11P
Ch. 25.8 - Prob. 12PCh. 25.8 - Prob. 13PCh. 25.8 - Propose a mechanism for the reduction of...Ch. 25.9 - Prob. 15PCh. 25.9 - Prob. 16PCh. 25.10 - Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are normally...Ch. 25.10 - Prob. 18PCh. 25.10 - Prob. 19PCh. 25.10 - Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are normally...Ch. 25.10 - Prob. 21PCh. 25.10 - Prob. 22PCh. 25.11 - Prob. 23PCh. 25.12 - a. What is the name of the enzyme that converts...Ch. 25.15 - Prob. 25PCh. 25.16 - Prob. 26PCh. 25.16 - Prob. 27PCh. 25.17 - Propose mechanisms for the Claisen condensation...Ch. 25.17 - Prob. 29PCh. 25.17 - Propose a mechanism for the conversion of...Ch. 25.17 - Propose a mechanism for the biosynthesis of...Ch. 25.17 - Propose a mechanism for the conversion of the E...Ch. 25.17 - The fluoro-substitued geranyl pyrophosphate shown...Ch. 25.17 - Prob. 35PCh. 25.18 - Draw the individual 1,2-hydride and 1,2-methyl...Ch. 25 - Prob. 38PCh. 25 - Prob. 39PCh. 25 - Prob. 40PCh. 25 - Prob. 41PCh. 25 - Prob. 42PCh. 25 - Prob. 43PCh. 25 - Prob. 44PCh. 25 - Prob. 45PCh. 25 - Prob. 46PCh. 25 - Prob. 47PCh. 25 - Prob. 48PCh. 25 - Prob. 49PCh. 25 - Prob. 50PCh. 25 - Prob. 51PCh. 25 - Prob. 52PCh. 25 - Prob. 53PCh. 25 - Prob. 54PCh. 25 - Prob. 55PCh. 25 - Prob. 56PCh. 25 - Prob. 57PCh. 25 - Prob. 58PCh. 25 - Prob. 59PCh. 25 - Prob. 60PCh. 25 - Prob. 61PCh. 25 - Prob. 62PCh. 25 - UDP-galactose-4-epimerase converts UDP-galactose...Ch. 25 - A student is trying to determine the mechanism for...Ch. 25 - What would be the results of the experiment in...Ch. 25 - Prob. 66PCh. 25 - Propose a mechanism for the biosynthesis of...Ch. 25 - Eudesmol is a sesquiterpene found in eucalyptus....
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- 2. Why do enzymes become inactive at very low temperature? Why do enzymes become inactive at very high temperatures? (Hint: It is NOT the same reason.)arrow_forwardDescribe a way to determine the rate of the alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidation of ethanol by NAD+.arrow_forwardThe enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is a(n) H 1000 CH3 Acetaldehyde Otransferase NADH + H+ ligase Olyase oxidoreductase hydrolase alcohol dehydrogenase NAD+ OH CH2 CH3 Ethanolarrow_forward
- Chemistry What is the main aspect that the enzymes succinyl-CoA synthetase, pyruvate kinase, and phosphoglycerate kinase have in common?arrow_forwardWhy is the conversion of lactic acid from the blood into glucose in the liver in an organism’s best interest?arrow_forwardThe enzyme that catalyzes reaction below can be classified as: NAD* NADH + H* Но- H-Ć- Н—с—н H- malate dehydrogenase Oxaloacetate Malatearrow_forward
- What class of enzymes to these two belong to?arrow_forwardWhat is lactated dehydrogenase, and how is it used in the reduction of carbonyl groups? Explain the manner in which the isoenzymes of LDH can be used as diagnostic tools. Choose one other diagnostic test not using LDH isoenzymes that might be used for the same application and explain what advantages and disadvantages exist over using LDH isoenzymes.arrow_forwardThe enzyme catalysts for which gene expression levels are increased during gluconeogenesis in the liver are: pyruvate carboxylase, aldolase, and phosphofructokinase glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, pyruvate carboxylase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase hexokinase, phosphofructokinase 1, phosphofructokinase 2, and pyruvate kinase glucose-6-kinase, aldolase, and enolasearrow_forward
- Place the steps of glycolysis in the order that they occur. Last step Answer Bank Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Aldolase cleaves the six-carbon sugar into two three-carbon sugars. Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate. 3-Phosphoglycerate is formed. Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated by phosphofructokinase. First steparrow_forwardGLYCOLYSIS: 1A) Starting with glucose (in the open-chain Fisher projection), draw out the molecular structures for each step of glycolysis. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 1B) What is the net reaction of glycolysis? CITRIC ACID CYCLE: 2A) Starting with acetyl-coenzymeA and oxaloacetate, draw out the molecular structures for each step of the citric acid cycle. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 2B) What is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? What happens to each product? OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: 3A) Thoroughly explain the biological significance of NADH/H* and FADH2 and their roles in oxidative phosphorylation. 3B) Describe and diagram the general pathway of the electrons from NADH/H+ and FADH₂ to O₂ during the electron transport chain. 3C) What is "chemiosmotic coupling", and what is its relationship to ATP synthesis? 3D) During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is…arrow_forwardThe first step of the metabolic process known as glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate. This process has a positive value for rG' Glucose + Pi Glucose-6-phosphate + H2O rG' = +13.8 kJ/mol-rxn This reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O ADP + Pi rG' = -30.5 kJ/mol-rxn What is the sum of these two equations and the value of rG' for the coupled reaction? Is the coupled reaction product-favored at equilibrium?arrow_forward
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