Organic Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780321803221
Author: Paula Y. Bruice
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 25.8, Problem 14P
Propose a mechanism for the reduction of acetaldehyde by NADH to ethanol. (Hint: See Section 23.l.)
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Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria
The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at
equilibrium. You can leave out water itself.
Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the
formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row.
You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid.
acids:
0.2 mol of KOH is added to
1.0 L of a 0.5 M HF
solution.
bases:
Х
other: ☐
acids:
0.10 mol of HI is added to
1.0 L of a solution that is
1.4M in both HF and NaF.
bases:
other: ☐
0,0,...
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18
Ar
Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria
The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at
equilibrium. You can leave out water itself.
Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the
formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row.
You will find it useful to keep in mind that NH3 is a weak base.
acids: ☐
1.8 mol of HCl is added to
1.0 L of a 1.0M NH3
bases: ☐
solution.
other: ☐
0.18 mol of HNO3 is added
to 1.0 L of a solution that is
1.4M in both NH3 and
NH₁Br.
acids:
bases: ☐
other: ☐
0,0,...
?
000
18
Ar
B
1
Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
2NH3 (g) = N2 (g) +3H₂
—N2 (g) AGº = 34. kJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.19 atm of ammonia (NH3) and 9.94 atm of nitrogen (N2) at 378. °C. Answer the following questions about this
system:
rise
Under these conditions, will the pressure of NH 3 tend to rise or fall?
☐ x10
fall
Х
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂?
In other words, if you said the pressure of NH 3 will tend to rise, can that
be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of NH3 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to
rise by adding H₂?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
yes
no
atm
00.
18
Ar
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Chapter 25 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 2PCh. 25.6 - Prob. 3PCh. 25.6 - Why does the OH group add to the -carbon rather...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 5PCh. 25.6 - How many molecules of NADH are formed from the...Ch. 25.7 - Prob. 7PCh. 25.7 - Prob. 8PCh. 25.7 - The oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to...Ch. 25.7 - Prob. 10PCh. 25.8 - Prob. 11P
Ch. 25.8 - Prob. 12PCh. 25.8 - Prob. 13PCh. 25.8 - Propose a mechanism for the reduction of...Ch. 25.9 - Prob. 15PCh. 25.9 - Prob. 16PCh. 25.10 - Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are normally...Ch. 25.10 - Prob. 18PCh. 25.10 - Prob. 19PCh. 25.10 - Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are normally...Ch. 25.10 - Prob. 21PCh. 25.10 - Prob. 22PCh. 25.11 - Prob. 23PCh. 25.12 - a. What is the name of the enzyme that converts...Ch. 25.15 - Prob. 25PCh. 25.16 - Prob. 26PCh. 25.16 - Prob. 27PCh. 25.17 - Propose mechanisms for the Claisen condensation...Ch. 25.17 - Prob. 29PCh. 25.17 - Propose a mechanism for the conversion of...Ch. 25.17 - Propose a mechanism for the biosynthesis of...Ch. 25.17 - Propose a mechanism for the conversion of the E...Ch. 25.17 - The fluoro-substitued geranyl pyrophosphate shown...Ch. 25.17 - Prob. 35PCh. 25.18 - Draw the individual 1,2-hydride and 1,2-methyl...Ch. 25 - Prob. 38PCh. 25 - Prob. 39PCh. 25 - Prob. 40PCh. 25 - Prob. 41PCh. 25 - Prob. 42PCh. 25 - Prob. 43PCh. 25 - Prob. 44PCh. 25 - Prob. 45PCh. 25 - Prob. 46PCh. 25 - Prob. 47PCh. 25 - Prob. 48PCh. 25 - Prob. 49PCh. 25 - Prob. 50PCh. 25 - Prob. 51PCh. 25 - Prob. 52PCh. 25 - Prob. 53PCh. 25 - Prob. 54PCh. 25 - Prob. 55PCh. 25 - Prob. 56PCh. 25 - Prob. 57PCh. 25 - Prob. 58PCh. 25 - Prob. 59PCh. 25 - Prob. 60PCh. 25 - Prob. 61PCh. 25 - Prob. 62PCh. 25 - UDP-galactose-4-epimerase converts UDP-galactose...Ch. 25 - A student is trying to determine the mechanism for...Ch. 25 - What would be the results of the experiment in...Ch. 25 - Prob. 66PCh. 25 - Propose a mechanism for the biosynthesis of...Ch. 25 - Eudesmol is a sesquiterpene found in eucalyptus....
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- Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. 2.2 mol of NaOH is added to 1.0 L of a 1.4M HF solution. acids: П bases: Х other: ☐ ப acids: 0.51 mol of KOH is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is bases: 1.3M in both HF and NaF. other: ☐ 00. 18 Ararrow_forwardUsing reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g) AG⁰ = 5.4 kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 1.68 atm of dinitrogen tetroxide (N204) at 148. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2O4 tend to rise or fall? x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO2? In other words, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO2? Similarly, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding NO2? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO 2 needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no 0.42 atm ☑ 5 0/5 ? مله Ararrow_forwardHomework 13 (Ch17) Question 4 of 4 (1 point) | Question Attempt: 2 of 2 ✓ 1 ✓ 2 = 3 4 Time Remaining: 4:25:54 Using the thermodynamic information in the ALEKS Data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy of the following chemical reaction: 2CH3OH (g)+302 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 4H₂O (g) Round your answer to zero decimal places. ☐ kJ x10 ☐ Subm Check 2020 Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Cearrow_forward
- Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria Your answer is incorrect. • Row 2: Your answer is incorrect. • Row 3: Your answer is incorrect. • Row 6: Your answer is incorrect. 0/5 The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. acids: HF 0.1 mol of NaOH is added to 1.0 L of a 0.7M HF solution. bases: 0.13 mol of HCl is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.0M in both HF and KF. Exponent other: F acids: HF bases: F other: K 1 0,0,... ? 000 18 Ararrow_forwardUsing reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NOCI (g) 2NO (g) + Cl2 (g) AGº =41. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.50 atm of nitrosyl chloride (NOCI) and 6.38 atm of chlorine (C12) at 212. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: ? rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NOCI tend to rise or fall? x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO? In other words, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding NO? yes no If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. 0.035 atm ✓ G 00. 18 Ararrow_forwardHighlight each glycosidic bond in the molecule below. Then answer the questions in the table under the drawing area. HO- HO- -0 OH OH HO NG HO- HO- OH OH OH OH NG OHarrow_forward
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