The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined. Concept introduction: The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH 2 are also produced in this pathway. The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows: Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows: Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 can be the same or different or can be hydrogen. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group ( OH ) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

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Answer A,B,C

Oxygen is not a reactant in the β oxidation of fatty acids. Can β oxidation occur under anaerobic conditions? Explain.

For each of the steps below, choose (A) if the step pertains to b-oxidation, (B) if the step pertains to fatty acid synthesis, or (C) if the step is common to both processes. ______ Acetyl CoA is produced as a product.______ Activation (the committed step of the process) requires ATP hydrolysis. ______ Accumulated acetyl CoA serves as a substrate.______ The length of fatty acid carbon chain is modified in the mitochondria. ______ ACP acts as the acyl carrier.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 25.1 - Which of the following statements about digestion...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 25.1 - The major function of bile released during...Ch. 25.1 - The two major products of triacylglycerol...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 25.2 - Hormone-sensitive lipase needed for...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 25.2 - Which of the following is not a product of...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 25.3 - What is the intermediate compound in the two-step...

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