
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the compound ketoacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules.
The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the compound acetoacetyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.
β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH2 and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the compound acetoacetate is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.
β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH2 and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether the compound hydroxyacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.
β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH2 and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 25 Solutions
GENERAL,ORGANIC,+BIO.CHEM.-MINDTAP
- Assign the functional group bands on the IR spectra.arrow_forwardFind the pH of a 0.120 M solution of HNO2. Find the pH ignoring activity effects (i.e., the normal way). Find the pH in a solution of 0.050 M NaCl, including activityarrow_forwardPlease help me answer these three questions. Required info should be in data table.arrow_forward
- Draw the major organic substitution product or products for (2R,3S)-2-bromo-3-methylpentane reacting with the given nucleophile. Clearly drawn the stereochemistry, including a wedged bond, a dashed bond and two in-plane bonds at each stereogenic center. Omit any byproducts. Bri CH3CH2O- (conc.) Draw the major organic product or products.arrow_forwardTartaric acid (C4H6O6) is a diprotic weak acid. A sample of 875 mg tartaric acid are dissolved in 100 mL water and titrated with 0.994 M NaOH. How many mL of NaOH are needed to reach the first equivalence point? How many mL of NaOH are needed to reach the second equivalence point?arrow_forwardIncluding activity, calculate the solubility of Pb(IO3)2 in a matrix of 0.020 M Mg(NO3)2.arrow_forward
- Order the following series of compounds from highest to lowest reactivity to electrophilic aromatic substitution, explaining your answer: 2-nitrophenol, p-Toluidine, N-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide, 4-methylbenzonitrile, 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile.arrow_forwardOrdene la siguiente serie de compuestos de mayor a menor reactividad a la sustitución aromática electrofílica, explicando su respuesta: ácido bencenosulfónico, fluorobenceno, etilbenceno, clorobenceno, terc-butilbenceno, acetofenona.arrow_forwardCan I please get all final concentrations please!arrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning




