(a)
Interpretation:
The number of molecules of acetyl-CoA that are produced by the catabolism of palmitic acid and the number of
Concept introduction:
Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-
Fatty acids in the body are mostly oxidized by
(b)
Interpretation:
The number of molecules of acetyl-CoA that are produced by the catabolism of lignoceric acid and the number of
Concept introduction:
Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula
Fatty acids in the body are mostly oxidized by
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
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- For each of the steps below, choose (A) if the step pertains to b-oxidation, (B) if the step pertains to fatty acid synthesis, or (C) if the step is common to both processes. ______ Acetyl CoA is produced as a product.______ Activation (the committed step of the process) requires ATP hydrolysis. ______ Accumulated acetyl CoA serves as a substrate.______ The length of fatty acid carbon chain is modified in the mitochondria. ______ ACP acts as the acyl carrier.arrow_forwardTo oxidize the fatty acid molecule shown below, what enzyme(s) are needed in addition to the enzymes needed for beta - oxidation? A) 2,4- dienoyl-CoA reductase only B) enoyl-CoA isomerase only C) both enoyl-CoA isomerase and 2,4- dienoyl-CoA reductase D) No additional enzymes are needed besides the normal ones for beta - oxidation. CH3(CH2)3-CH=CH-(CH2)3-C-0° поarrow_forwardIn fatty acid biosynthesis explain the following two parts -(a) What effect will an increase in oxaloacetate in mitochondria have on fatty acid biosynthesis?(b) How insulin and glucagon affect fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis reactions/pathways, name them.arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the pathway by which fatty acids are degraded (B-oxidation) with the pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA. Comment on the following: (i) nature of the "activated" structures (ii) coenzymes involved (iii) stereochemistry of the intermediates (iv) sites where pathways occurarrow_forwardIn the presence of an excess of [14C]acetyl- COA, the metabolic pool of malonyl-CoA becomes labeled at which carbon atom(s)?arrow_forwardWill an amino acid be glucogenic or ketogenic if it is catabolized to the following molecules?(a) Phosphoenolpyruvate(b) -Ketoglutarate (c) Succinyl-CoA(d) Acetyl-CoA(e) Oxaloacetate(f) Acetoacetatearrow_forward
- On these following choices, Malonyl CoA synthase, Malonyl CoA synthetase, Acetyl CoA carboxylase and Acetyl CoA decarboxylase, what is the correct answer in fatty acid synthesis?arrow_forward(i) Consider a preparation that contains all the enzymes and cofactors necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. If [2-H] acetyl-CoA labeled with deuterium, the heavy isotope of hydrogen and excess of unlabeled malonyl-CoA are added as substrates, where will you find these labeled deuterium atoms in a molecule of palmitate synthesized? Explain. S-COA (ii) Describe the steps involved in the synthesis of palmitic acid starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.arrow_forwardHow many acetyl CoA molecules are produced in one cycle of beta oxidation? How many cycles would it take to catabolize a stearic acid molecule (a fatty acid, [18:0]) into acetyl Co A units? a)How many acetyl CoA molecules would be produced? b) How many reduced nucleotides would be produced? c) If a molecule of glucose produces a net 32 ATP when completely catabolized, which do you think will produce more energy, one molecule of glucose or one molecule of stearic acid? Justify your answer.arrow_forward
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