(a)
Interpretation:
Using the given description about the lipoprotein it should be identified as either chylomicron, HDL, LDL or VLDL.
Which lipoprotein has the lowest density and why?
Concept introduction:
Lipoproteins are a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids.
Lipoproteins can be classified on the basis of density (protein: lipid ratio)
More protein – increased density
More lipid – decreased density
Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins. They transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body. It is the largest lipoprotein with low density due to high lipid: protein ratio.
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) are synthesized in liver and they transport endogenous triglycerides. Second highest in triacylglycerol as percentage of weight.
LDLs- This is a lipoprotein which transport cholesterol and it is considered as the bad cholesterol.
HDL (high density lipoprotein) it has highest density due to high protein: lipid ratio.
(b)
Interpretation:
Using the given description about the lipoprotein it should be identified as either chylomicron, HDL, LDL or VLDL.
Which lipoprotein carries triacylglycerols from the diet?
Concept introduction:
Lipoproteins are a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids.
Lipoproteins can be classified on the basis of density (protein: lipid ratio)
More protein – increased density
More lipid – decreased density
Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins. They transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body. It is the largest lipoprotein with low density due to high lipid: protein ratio.
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) are synthesized in liver and they transport endogenous triglycerides. Second highest in triacylglycerol as percentage of weight.
LDLs- This is a lipoprotein which transport cholesterol and it is considered as the bad cholesterol.
HDL (high density lipoprotein) it has highest density due to high protein: lipid ratio.
(c)
Interpretation:
Using the given description about the lipoprotein it should be identified as either chylomicron, HDL, LDL or VLDL.
Which lipoprotein removes cholesterol from circulation?
Concept introduction:
Lipoproteins are a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids.
Lipoproteins can be classified on the basis of density (protein: lipid ratio)
More protein – increased density
More lipid – decreased density
Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins. They transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body. It is the largest lipoprotein with low density due to high lipid: protein ratio.
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) are synthesized in liver and they transport endogenous triglycerides. Second highest in triacylglycerol as percentage of weight.
LDLs- This is a lipoprotein which transport cholesterol and it is considered as the bad cholesterol.
HDL (high density lipoprotein) it has highest density due to high protein: lipid ratio.
(d)
Interpretation:
Using the given description about the lipoprotein it should be identified as either chylomicron, HDL, LDL or VLDL.
Which lipoprotein contains “bad cholesterol” from a vascular disease risk stand point?
Concept introduction:
Lipoproteins are a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids.
Lipoproteins can be classified on the basis of density (protein: lipid ratio)
More protein – increased density
More lipid – decreased density
Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins. They transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body. It is the largest lipoprotein with low density due to high lipid: protein ratio.
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) are synthesized in liver and they transport endogenous triglycerides. Second highest in triacylglycerol as percentage of weight.
LDLs- This is a lipoprotein which transport cholesterol and it is considered as the bad cholesterol.
HDL (high density lipoprotein) it has highest density due to high protein: lipid ratio.
(e)
Interpretation:
Using the given description about the lipoprotein it should be identified as either chylomicron, HDL, LDL or VLDL.
Which lipoprotein has the highest ratio of proteins to lipid?
Concept introduction:
Lipoproteins are a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids.
Lipoproteins can be classified on the basis of density (protein: lipid ratio)
More protein – increased density
More lipid – decreased density
Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins. They transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body. It is the largest lipoprotein with low density due to high lipid: protein ratio.
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) are synthesized in liver and they transport endogenous triglycerides. Second highest in triacylglycerol as percentage of weight.
LDLs- This is a lipoprotein which transport cholesterol and it is considered as the bad cholesterol.
HDL (high density lipoprotein) it has highest density due to high protein: lipid ratio.
(f)
Interpretation:
Using the given description about the lipoprotein it should be identified as either chylomicron, HDL, LDL or VLDL.
Which lipoprotein carries triacylglycerols from the liver to peripheral tissue? How are triacylglycerols used?
Concept introduction:
Lipoproteins are a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids.
Lipoproteins can be classified on the basis of density (protein: lipid ratio)
More protein – increased density
More lipid – decreased density
Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins. They transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body. It is the largest lipoprotein with low density due to high lipid: protein ratio.
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) are synthesized in liver and they transport endogenous triglycerides. Second highest in triacylglycerol as percentage of weight.
LDLs- This is a lipoprotein which transport cholesterol and it is considered as the bad cholesterol.
HDL (high density lipoprotein) it has highest density due to high protein: lipid ratio.
(g)
Interpretation:
Using the given description about the lipoprotein it should be identified as either chylomicron, HDL, LDL or VLDL.
Which lipoprotein transports cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues?
Concept introduction:
Lipoproteins are a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids.
Lipoproteins can be classified on the basis of density (protein: lipid ratio)
More protein – increased density
More lipid – decreased density
Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins. They transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body. It is the largest lipoprotein with low density due to high lipid: protein ratio.
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) are synthesized in liver and they transport endogenous triglycerides. Second highest in triacylglycerol as percentage of weight.
LDLs- This is a lipoprotein which transport cholesterol and it is considered as the bad cholesterol.
HDL (high density lipoprotein) it has highest density due to high protein: lipid ratio.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 24 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- Which of the following stimulates lipolysis? a) Phosphorylation of diacylglycerol lipase b) Phosphorylation of triacylglycerol lipase c) both a and b d) neither a nor barrow_forwardAdipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) hydrolyzes a fatty acyl group from: A) monoacylglycerol. B) diacylglycerol. C) triacylglycerol. D) A and C. E) B and C.arrow_forwardYou have received a laboratory report showing the presence of a HIGH concentration of ketone bodies in the urine of a patient (ketosis). a) What disease would you suspect in this patient and why? b) Explain why ketone bodies accumulate in such patients, and the sequence of events that lead to their formation. Include the location, any pathways impacted, and the purpose of ketone formation. c) Give the names of the three different ketone bodies, and indicate which ones are used for fuel in extrahepatic cells. d) When ketones are used by extrahepatic cells for fuel, why is a new enzyme used in the pathway (why not simply reverse the pathway used to form ketones)? Explain.arrow_forward
- Administration of insulin decreases the blood concentration of ketone bodies in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis by which of the following mechanisms?A) Decreasing formation of ketone bodies in skeletal muscleB) Decreasing lipolysis in adipose tissueC) Increasing hepatic activity of carnitine acyltransferaseD) Increasing hepatic levels of acetyl CoAE) Increasing hepatic oxidation of ketone bodiesarrow_forwardA patient was scheduled for a full lipoprotein profile that requires that the patient fast for 12 hours. The patient complied with this but his plasma was still cloudy in applearance. This suggests: OA) a deficiency in chylomicron production. B) a deficiency of lipoprotein lipase. C) a deficiency of adipose triglyceride lipase. D) familial hypercholesterolemia. E) none of the above.arrow_forwardThe following is a typical underlying factor in obesity-induced inflammation a) Increased secretion of the adipokine adiponectin b) Higher lipolysis rate in hypertrophied adipocytes c) Increased insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue d) Conversion of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophagesarrow_forward
- Which molecular structure (VLDL, LDL, or HDL) is responsible for transporting cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver?arrow_forwardWhich of the following describes how soluble fiber in the diet may lower blood cholesterol levels? Soluble fiber binds cholesterol in the colon and carries it out of the 1) body with feces. Soluble fiber binds cholesterol in the small intestine and carries it out 2) of the body in urine. 3) Soluble fiber digests cholesterol in the colon. 4) Soluble fiber sends a signal to the liver to produce less cholesterol.arrow_forwardwhy is bicarbonate released into the digestive tract? a) bicarbonate combines with mucus for lubrication of the digestive tract b) bicarbonate is released from the pancreas to neutralize acidic chyme c) bicarbonate deactivates ammonia d) bicarbonate and urea aid in the breakdown of fats e) bicarbonate is a byproduct of carbohydrate catabolismarrow_forward
- By which of the following mechanisms is soluble dietary fibre able to help reduce blood cholesterol levels? Question 78 options: a) Decreasing transit time in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract b) Blocking reabsorption of calcium in the GI tract c) Binding cholesterol and bile acids in the GI tract d) Inhibiting mineral absorption in the GI trctarrow_forwardWhat is High-density lipoprotein Cholesterolarrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a brief explanation for why it is a) The presence of lipids in the diet slows down digestion in the b) Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake by the c) Glucagon is the hormone that signals low blood glucose d) Chylomicrons carry TAGs from the diet into the e) During fasting and starvation the liver produces ketone bodies which fuel the heart and f) The muscles can use glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for g) When glucose enters the cell it is immediately and reversibly h) Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate need for energy by muscle i) Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose j) With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached a maximum) is converted to fat, leading to high [malonyl-CoA]. k) Malonyl-CoA inhibits carnitine acyltransferase II , thus slowing…arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON