The two differences in the reactions for fatty acid synthesis and the reaction for fatty acid degradation should be described. Concept introduction: Fatty acids are aliphatic mono- carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R − ( C H 2 ) n − C O O H , n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number. β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β - carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids. The four important steps of β-oxidation are, Step 1: Dehydrogenation of the fatty acyl-CoA to make ‘trans’ double bond between α and β carbon. Short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenases Electron removed transferred to FAD Step 2: Hydration of the double bond. Step 3: Dehydrogenation of the β-hydroxyl group to a ketone. Electron removed transferred to N A D + Step 4: Acylation-addition of CoA and production of and production of acetyl-CoA Lipogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA. Lipogenesis requires; Synthesis of fatty acids and glycerol Activation of fatty acids by CoA and glycerol by glycerokinase The combination of activated fatty acids and activated glycerol to produce TAG (triacylglycerol)

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 24, Problem 24.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two differences in the reactions for fatty acid synthesis and the reaction for fatty acid degradation should be described.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

The four important steps of β-oxidation are,

Step 1: Dehydrogenation of the fatty acyl-CoA to make ‘trans’ double bond between α and β carbon.

Short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenases

Electron removed transferred to FAD

Step 2: Hydration of the double bond.

Step 3: Dehydrogenation of the β-hydroxyl group to a ketone.

Electron removed transferred to NAD+

Step 4: Acylation-addition of CoA and production of and production of acetyl-CoA

Lipogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA.

Lipogenesis requires;

Synthesis of fatty acids and glycerol

Activation of fatty acids by CoA and glycerol by glycerokinase

The combination of activated fatty acids and activated glycerol to produce TAG (triacylglycerol)

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Macmillan Learning Cholesterol synthesis begins with the formation of mevalonate from acetyl CoA. This process activates mevalonate and converts it to isopentenyl pyrophosphate. Identify the atoms in mevalonate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate that will be labeled from acetyl CoA labeled with 14C in the carbonyl carbon. Place 14C atoms and C atoms to denote which carbon atoms are labeled and which are not labeled. H₂C COA 14C-labeled acetyl-CoA HHH [c] H H OH 014C - OH H HH H Mevalonate CH3 H H 14C H Η H H Incorrect Answer of o -P-O-P-0- Isopentenyl pyrophosphate с Answer Bank 14C

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 24, Problem 24.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two differences in the reactions for fatty acid synthesis and the reaction for fatty acid degradation should be described.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

The four important steps of β-oxidation are,

Step 1: Dehydrogenation of the fatty acyl-CoA to make ‘trans’ double bond between α and β carbon.

Short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenases

Electron removed transferred to FAD

Step 2: Hydration of the double bond.

Step 3: Dehydrogenation of the β-hydroxyl group to a ketone.

Electron removed transferred to NAD+

Step 4: Acylation-addition of CoA and production of and production of acetyl-CoA

Lipogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA.

Lipogenesis requires;

Synthesis of fatty acids and glycerol

Activation of fatty acids by CoA and glycerol by glycerokinase

The combination of activated fatty acids and activated glycerol to produce TAG (triacylglycerol)

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 24, Problem 24.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two differences in the reactions for fatty acid synthesis and the reaction for fatty acid degradation should be described.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

The four important steps of β-oxidation are,

Step 1: Dehydrogenation of the fatty acyl-CoA to make ‘trans’ double bond between α and β carbon.

Short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenases

Electron removed transferred to FAD

Step 2: Hydration of the double bond.

Step 3: Dehydrogenation of the β-hydroxyl group to a ketone.

Electron removed transferred to NAD+

Step 4: Acylation-addition of CoA and production of and production of acetyl-CoA

Lipogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA.

Lipogenesis requires;

Synthesis of fatty acids and glycerol

Activation of fatty acids by CoA and glycerol by glycerokinase

The combination of activated fatty acids and activated glycerol to produce TAG (triacylglycerol)

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 24, Problem 24.63AP

Interpretation Introduction