Chapter 24, Problem 51A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given equation to be completed.

$\text{B}\text{i}\to \text{H}\text{e+?}$

Concept introduction:

Primary factor that determines an atom’s stability is its ratio of neutrons to protons. Atoms emit beta and alpha particles and these emissions affect neutron-to-proton ratio of newly generated nucleus.

Answer to Problem 51A

Equation for alpha decay is as follows:

$\text{B}\text{i}\to \text{H}\text{e+}\text{T}\text{l}$

Explanation of Solution

An alpha particle has two protons and two neutrons. Thus charge is +2. Alpha radiation diverted towards negatively charged plate. Equation for alpha decay is as follows:

$\text{B}\text{i}\to \text{H}\text{e+}\text{T}\text{l}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given equation to be completed.

$\text{N}\text{p}\to \text{P}\text{u+?}$

Concept introduction:

Primary factor that determines an atom’s stability is its ratio of neutrons to protons. Atoms emit beta and alpha particles and these emissions affect neutron-to-proton ratio of newly generated nucleus.

Answer to Problem 51A

Equation for beta decay is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{p}\to \text{P}\text{u+}e$

Explanation of Solution

Beta radiation is cover up toward positively charged plate and consists of fast moving beta particles. Beta radiation consist fast moving beta particles. The symbol of beta particles is $\text{β}$. Negative charge of beta particle explains that it is attracted to positively charged plate. Equation for beta decay is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{p}\to \text{P}\text{u+}e$