(a)
Interpretation:
How does a state of acidosis help to increase the generation of carbon dioxide has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of
(b)
Interpretation:
The effects of added reactants and products on equilibrium works on which principle has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Another way of defining equilibrium is to say that a system is in equilibrium when the formation and reverse reaction occur at equal rates.
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FUND.OF GEN CHEM CHAP 1-13 W/ACCESS
- Calculate the pH of a blood plasma sample with a total CO2 concentration of 26.9 mM and bicarbonate concentration of 25.6 mM. Recall from page 67 that the relevant pK2 of carbonic acid is 6.1arrow_forwardConsider the reaction converting succinate into fumarate (see p. 560). (a) Is succinate oxidized or reduced in this reaction (and how do you know)? (b) You add molecular O2 as the redox partner for this reaction. Draw the Lewis dot structures for the relevant moeities on succinate, fumarate, O2 and H2O. (c) What is AG" for for the conversion of succinate into fumarate in the presence of O2 and H2O?arrow_forwardWhich of the equations below best represents how excess acid in the blood plasma can be removed in the lungs by breathing? H+ (aq) + 0. 2(g) OH + H₂ CO (aq) OH+ + O (aq) 2(g) → H, CO. H + O₂ (aq) 2(g) 3(aq) 3(aq) → H₂O(g) + CO2(g) + CO2(g) → H₂O H, CO3(aq) → HCO, OH t + HCO3(aq) → H₂ CO3(g) → H₂O(g) (aq) → H, CO3(aq) 3 (aq) + CO2(g) H₂O(g) + CO2(g)arrow_forward
- How many moles of ATP are produced by the complete oxidation of 1 mol of myristic acid?arrow_forwardWhat qualitative effect would you expect each of the following to have on the Pgp of hemoglobin? (a) Increase in pH from 7.2 to 7.4 (b) Increase in Pco, from 20 to 40 mm Hg (c) Dissociation into monomer polypeptide chainsarrow_forwardEthylene glycol (HO−CH2−CH2−OH) is a major component of antifreeze. In the body, it is first converted to HOOC−CHO (oxoethanoic acid) and then to HOOC−COOH (oxalic acid), which is toxic. What class of enzyme catalyzes both of the reactions of ethylene glycol? The treatment for the ingestion of ethylene glycol is an intravenous solution of ethanol. How might this help prevent toxic levels of oxalic acid in the body?arrow_forward
- Which of these statements concerning this reaction is true? acetaldehyde + NADH ↔ ethanol + NAD+ a) Ethanol is more reduced than acetaldehyde. b) Acetaldehyde is more reduced than ethanol. c) NAD+ is more reduced than NADH. d) Ethanol is more oxidized than acetaldehyde.arrow_forwardCreatine phosphate is used as a phosphoryl donor for ATP synthesis in muscle. It provides ATP for the initial few seconds of intense exercise. a) What enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of creatine phosphate? Write out the reaction. b) For a skeletal muscle at rest, the following metabolites are present at the indicated concentrations. [ATP] = 4 mM; [ADP] = 0.013 mM [creatine phosphate] = 25 mM; [creatine] = 13 mM Calculate the AG for the creatine kinase reaction for a muscle at rest.arrow_forwardCarbon dioxide is dissolved in blood (pH 7.4) to form a mixture of carbonicacid and bicarbonate. Neglecting free CO2, what fraction will be present as carbonic acid? Would you expect a significant amount of carbonate (CO32-)?arrow_forward
- Under severe starvation conditions, affected individuals develop “acetone breath.” Explain.arrow_forwardAn individual's ratio of carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions is 17/0.6 Which of the following is a true statement? For a total of 3 answers - choose one of each of the following pairs: i) respiratory or metabolic ii) acidosis or alkalosis iii) uncompensated or partial compensationarrow_forwardDipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is a surfactant on the surface of the alveoli in the lungs. What is the nature of its fatty acid groups? In what arrangement is it likely to exist at the lung surfaces?arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning