GENETIC ANALYSIS: AN INTEG. APP. W/MAS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781323142790
Author: Sanders
Publisher: Pearson Custom Publishing
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Chapter 22, Problem 4P
Describe how natural selection can produce balanced polymorphism of allele frequencies through selection that favors heterozygotes.
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Selection confers a reproductive advantage to individuals based on their adaptations, and therefore causes the alleles carried by those individuals to increase in the population. Selection can be simulated by having your partner remove any three individuals of a particular suit as you deal the cards into a pile. The fitness of that variant is therefore 0.77 (10/13 survive), while the fitness of the other three variants remains at 1.0 (13/13 survive). Recalculate allelic (suit) frequencies after selection.
1. What is the effect of selection on reproduction, allelic diversity, and frequency?
2. What would happen if similar selection continued over several generations?
Cite references.
in sheep, black wool is determined by a Dominant Allele (B) and white wool by a Recessive Allele (b). In a population of 200 sheep, 128 of them exhibit the dominant trait of having black wool and the rest have the recessive trait of white wool. Calculate the frequencies of both the (B) and (b) alleles. Calculate the frequencies of homozygous dominant vs.heterozygous sheep, as well as the homozygous recessives individuals.
Suppose in a certain population there are 100 individuals homozygous for the A1 allele, 400 individuals homozygous for the A2 allele, and 500 heterozygous individuals. What are the genotype frequencies? What are the allele frequencies?
Chapter 22 Solutions
GENETIC ANALYSIS: AN INTEG. APP. W/MAS
Ch. 22 - 20.1 Compare and contrast the terms in each of the...Ch. 22 - In a population, what is the consequence of...Ch. 22 - 20.3 Identify and describe the evolutionary forces...Ch. 22 - Describe how natural selection can produce...Ch. 22 - Thinking creatively about evolutionary mechanisms,...Ch. 22 - 20.6 Genetic drift, an evolutionary process...Ch. 22 - Over the course of many generations in a small...Ch. 22 - Catastrophic events such as loss of habitat,...Ch. 22 - 20.9 George Udny Yule was wrong in suggesting that...Ch. 22 - 20.10 The ability to taste the bitter compound...
Ch. 22 - Figure 20.6 illustrates the effect of an ethanol ...Ch. 22 - 20.12 Biologists have proposed that the use of...Ch. 22 - 20.13 Two populations of deer, one of them large...Ch. 22 - 20.14 Directional selection presents an apparent...Ch. 22 - 20.15 What is inbreeding depression? Why is...Ch. 22 - 20.16 Certain animal species, such as the...Ch. 22 - Genetic Analysis 20.1 predicts the number of...Ch. 22 - 20.18 In a population of rabbits, and . The...Ch. 22 - Sickle cell disease (SCD) is found in numerous...Ch. 22 - 20.20 Epidemiologic data on the population in the...Ch. 22 - The frequency of tasters and nontasters of PTC...Ch. 22 - Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive...Ch. 22 - 20.23 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common...Ch. 22 - 20.24 In the mouse, Mus musculus, survival in...Ch. 22 - 20.25 In a population of flowers growing in a...Ch. 22 - Assume that the flower population described in the...Ch. 22 - 20.27 ABO blood type is examined in a Taiwanese...Ch. 22 - 20.28 A total ofmembers of a Central American...Ch. 22 - 20.29 A sample offield mice contains individuals...Ch. 22 - Prob. 30PCh. 22 - Albinism, an autosomal recessive trait...Ch. 22 - Prob. 32PCh. 22 - 20.33 Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer...Ch. 22 - Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the...Ch. 22 - The following is a partial pedigree of the British...Ch. 22 - Draw a separate hypothetical pedigree identifying...Ch. 22 - Prob. 37PCh. 22 - 20.38 Achromatopsia is a rare autosomal recessive...Ch. 22 - 20.39 New allopolyploid plant species can arise by...
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- Selection may also act against heterozygotes. How do allele frequencies change if the two homozygotes have equal fitness, but heterozgotes have a 50% reduced fitness? Explain what happens and whyarrow_forwardSelection may also act against heterozygotes. How do allele frequencies change if the two homozygotes have unequal fitness, but heterozgotes have a constant 50% reduced fitness? Simulate allele frequency changes with multiple values of p0 (between 0 and 1). can you explain what happens and whyarrow_forwardAllelic diversity affects individual variability. What effect is a bottleneck likely to have on a population's ability to evolve?arrow_forward
- What evolutionary factors can cause allele frequencies to change and possibly lead to a genetic polymorphism? Discuss the relative importance of each type of process.arrow_forwardRecall that the Hardy-Weinberg model makes the following assumptions: No mutations Extremely large population No gene flow No selection You score flower colour in a very large natural population where flower colour is a co-dominant trait where white and red are homozygotes (CWCW and CRCR) and pink are heterozygotes (CWCR). Taking your observed phenotypes and genotypes, you apply the Hardy-Weinberg principle and find an excess of homozygous individuals (that is, individuals with either white or red flowers). Give two plausible explanations for this excess of homozygotes in the natural population.arrow_forwardGive one example of how allele frequencies change from one generation to the next due to mutation, migration, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, and selection.arrow_forward
- This type of selection favors individuals with alleles at both end of the spectrum of Traitsarrow_forwardDescribe the way gene flow stabilizes allele frequency.arrow_forwardIn a Gecko population a group of Geckos skin color is controlled by one gene with two alleles "R"which codes for red and is dominant to "r" which codes for yellow and is recessive. If 100 Geckos are on the island and you gene test them to know their alleles you'll observe that 30 are homozygous red, 60 are heterozygous red, and 20 are homozygous recessive. Determine the Chi-square. assuming the original parents (Rr xRr).* Hint: determine the expected first before plugging into the equation awesome as this one? REGISTER NOW 13 5 11 4 Darrow_forward
- In a system that meets the requirements for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 25% of individuals exhibit the recessive phenotype for a trait. What is the allele frequency of the dominant allele?arrow_forwardUnder the above conditions of reproductive discrimination against those with attached earlobes, if the population in this next generation is still 500,000 people, then the new genotypic frequencies will be: Homozygous dominants, unattached ear lobes: 0.34 Heterozygotes, unattached ear lobes: 0.48 Homozygous recessives, attached ear lobes: 0.18 What will be the allele frequencies for L and l in this generation? Did the frequency of the recessive allele (l), as compared to its frequency calculated in Part B, increase or decrease because of its deleterious effects on fitness? Does the possession of the recessive allele kill those who possess it? If those with attached ear lobes continue to be only half as successful in securing mates in each successive generation, what will happen to the frequency of the recessive allele in this population?arrow_forwardIf the Hardy-Weinberg equation enables us to use information on genotype and allele frequencies to predict the genotype frequencies of the next generation. In a population of 100,000 people carrying the recessive allele a for albinism, there are: 100 aa albinos and 1800 Aa heterozygous carriers. What is a frequency of heterozygous carriers in the next generation? Calculate the frequency for the A allele and a allele. How this will chance the frequency of alleles in a population for the following generation?arrow_forward
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