Concept explainers
In a population of flowers growing in a meadow,
a. Assuming the population begins in
b. Assuming random mating takes place among survivors, what are the genotype frequencies in the second generation?
c. If predation continues, what are the allele frequencies when the second generation mates?
d. What are the equilibrium frequencies of
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GENETIC ANALYSIS: AN INTEG. APP. W/MAS
- A family pedigree is shown here. A. What is the inbreeding coefficient for individual IV-3? B. Based on the data shown in this pedigree, is individual IV-4 inbred?arrow_forwardKernel color in wheat Red kernel color in wheat results from the interaction between two dominant alleles. With only one dominant allele, the phenotype is brown while in the absence of any dominant allele, the phenotype is white. Suppose that plants of a variety that is true breeding for red kernels are crossed with plants true breeding for white kernels. What specific type of interaction can be observed? A. duplicate dominant genes B. duplicate genes with cumulative effects C. complementary genes D. dominant epistasis (case 2)arrow_forwardIn a three point cross problem for genes Q, L, and T, you have identified the parentals and double recombinants. Using that data (shown below), what is the order of the genes? Type: Alleles parental q L t parental Q l T double cross over q L T double cross over Q l t Group of answer choices L Q T L T Q T L Q the correct answer is not availablearrow_forward
- In a certain plant, leaf size is determined by fourgenes whose alleles assort independently and actadditively. Thus, alleles A, B, C, and D each add4 cm to leaf length and alleles A′, B′, C′, andD′ each add 2 cm to leaf length. Therefore,an AA BB CC DD plant has leaves 32 cm longand an A′A′ B′B′ C′C′ D′D′ plant has leaves16 cm long.a. If true-breeding plants with leaves 32 cm longare crossed to true-breeding plants with leaves16 cm long, the F1 will have leaves 24 cm longand the genotype AA′ BB′ CC′ DD′. Listall possible leaf lengths and their expectedfrequencies in the F2 generation produced fromthese F1 plants.arrow_forwardThe table below shows the progeny of a test cross of a heterozygote (JjBbRr). Each row shows the number of progeny that inherited each combination of alleles from the heterozygous parent. You've already determined the gene order (B is in the middle) and labeled each type of progeny. Using this information, what is the recombination frequency between J and B? Alleles: Type: Count: J B R Parental 132 j b r Parental 135 J b R DCO 15 j B r DCO 11 J b r SCO (J-B) 59 j B R SCO (J-B) 55 J B r SCO (B-R) 38 j b R SCO (B-R) 40 Group of answer choices 0.214 0.235 0.289 the correct answer is not available. 0.503 0.14arrow_forwardA new kind of tulip is produced that develops only purple or pink flowers. Assume that flower color is controlled by a single-gene locus and that the purple allele (C) is dominant to the pink allele (c). A random sample of 1000 tulips from a large cultivated field yields 847 purple flowers (out of which 476 are heterozygous) and 153 pink flowers. If p = frequency of C allele and q = frequency of the c allele. Calculate p and q. A. p = 0.4 q = 0.6 B. p = 0.61 q = 0.39 C. p = 0.847 q = 0.153 D. p = 0.82 q = 0.18arrow_forward
- You are studying three linked genes in snapdragons. The flower color locus is in the center. There are 8.3 cM between the flower color locus and the plant height locus. There are 12.4 cM between the flower color locus and the leaf type locus. The coefficient of coincidence is 0.8. Pure-breeding tall, red-flowered plants with fuzzy leaves were crossed to pure-breeding dwarf, blue-flowered plants with smooth leaves. The F1 were testcrossed. Calculate the proportion of the testcross progeny that are expected to have red flowers and fuzzy leaves. Round properly to 4 decimal digits. Answer:arrow_forwardThe gel image above shows 7 alleles, let's call them 1-7 in order of size, with 1 being the largest and 7 being the smallest. What is the approximate size in Kbp of allele 4? Please type your answer as a number, please do not add units. ANSWER: The approximate size of allele 4 in the gel image below is Blank 1 Kbp Photograph of UV illuminated 1 % agarose TBE gel run for 40 minutes at 120 V, showing the result of PCR from a variable number tandem repeat region in 11 different individuals (A-K) 2000 1650 1000 850 600 500 Key: Lane 1: Lanes 2-12: A B C D E F G H I J K DNA ladder, see image for fragment sizes in base pairs (bp) PCR Products from the same variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) autosomal region of DNA from 11 different individuals (A-K)arrow_forwardOne particularly useful feature of the Hardy-Weinberg equation is that it allows us to estimate the frequency of heterozygotes for recessive genetic diseases, assuming that Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium exists. As an example, let’s consider cystic fibrosis, which is a human genetic disease involving a gene that encodes a chloride transporter. Persons with this disorder have an irregularity in salt and water balance. One of the symptoms is thick mucus in the lungs that can contribute to repeated lung infections. In populations of Northern European descent, the frequency of affected individuals is approximately 1 in 2500. Because this is a recessive disorder, affected individuals are homozygotes. Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of individuals who are heterozygous carriers?arrow_forward
- The following genetic map describes three hypothetical human autosomal genes, each of which exhibits two alleles. Two-factor map distances are shown. A = Artistic (dominant) a = Inartistic (recessive) M = Moral (dominant) m = Immoral (recessive) G = Generous (dominant) g = Greedy (recessive) Assume that these traits exhibit simple Mendelian dominance/recessiveness. The coefficient of coincidence for this map is 0.4. An artistic, moral, generous heterozygous female of genotype AMG/amg marries an inartistic, immoral, greedy homozygous male of genotype amg/amg. What is the probability that their firstborn child will be inartistic, immoral and greedy? What is the probability that their firstborn child will be inartistic, moral and generous? What is the probability that their firstborn child will be artistic, immoral and generous?arrow_forwardVulcans have pointed ears (determined by allele P), absent adrenals (determined by A), and a right-sided heart(determined by R). All these alleles are dominant to normal Earth alleles: rounded ears (p), present adrenals (a),and a left-sided heart (r). The three loci are autosomaland linked as shown in this linkage map:10 m.u. 25 m.u.P A RMr. Spock, first officer of the starship Enterprise, has aVulcan father and an Earthling mother. If Mr. Spock marries an Earth woman and there is no (genetic) interference, what proportion of their children will havea. Vulcan phenotypes for all three characters?b. Earth phenotypes for all three characters?c. Vulcan ears and heart but Earth adrenals?d. Vulcan ears but Earth heart and adrenals?arrow_forwardA mutation in an of the recessive hemoglobin gene on chromosome 11 causes sickle-cell disease, but also confers malaria resistance. The allele frequency in African Americans is 14%. 1. What percent of the population have two copies of the gene and are therefore immune to malaria? 2. What percent of the population are less susceptible to malaria but do not have sickle-cell anemia since they are heterozygous?arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning