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Pounding a nail into wood makes the nail warmer. Suppose a hammer exerts an average force of 500 N on a 6-cm nail whose mass is 5 grams when it drives into a piece of wood. Work is done on the nail and it becomes hotter. If all the heat goes to the nail, show that its increase in temperature is slightly more than
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Discussion of moral challenges of socially responsible science
Explanation of Solution
Introduction:
The role of scientist carries a lot of responsibilities. The foremost obvious is accurate and reliable research which will be depended upon by fellow researchers. Scientists even have a responsibility to oppose misuse or abuse within the application of research findings, and to attend to both the restrictions and therefore the foreseeable impacts of their work.
Additionally, as members of society, scientists have a responsibility to participate in discussions and decisions regarding the acceptable use of science in addressing societal issues and concerns, and to bring their specialized knowledge and expertise to activities and discussions that promote the education of scholars and fellow citizens, thereby enhancing and facilitating informed deciding and democracy.
Social responsibility is an important a part of the responsible conduct of research that presents difficult ethical questions for scientists. Recognizing one’s social responsibilities as a scientist is a crucial initiative toward exercising social responsibility, but it's only the start, since scientists may confront difficult value questions when deciding the way to act responsibly. Ethical dilemmas associated with socially responsible science fall under a minimum of three basic categories: 1) dilemmas associated with problem selection, 2) dilemmas associated with publication and data sharing, and 3) dilemmas associated with engaging society. In responding to those dilemmas, scientists must decide the way to balance their social responsibilities against other professional commitments and the way to avoid compromising their objectivity. During this article, we'll examine the philosophical and ethical basis of social responsibility in science, discuss a number of the moral dilemmas associated with exercising social responsibility, and make five recommendations to assist scientists affect these issues.
Conclusion:
Scientists have much to contribute to society, and a right and responsibility to try to do so. Doing good quality work is where our responsibilities begin, not where they end. Scientists, as individual members of society and as citizens, can bring specialized knowledge which will be essential to addressing social concerns (although not sufficient). It’s a valuable perspective that, when provided alongside other valuable perspectives, offers the potential for effective application of scientific education and expertise to societal and global concerns.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Conceptual Physics: The High School Physics Program
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- ■ Review | Constants A cylinder with a movable piston contains 3.75 mol of N2 gas (assumed to behave like an ideal gas). Part A The N2 is heated at constant volume until 1553 J of heat have been added. Calculate the change in temperature. ΜΕ ΑΣΦ AT = Submit Request Answer Part B ? K Suppose the same amount of heat is added to the N2, but this time the gas is allowed to expand while remaining at constant pressure. Calculate the temperature change. AT = Π ΑΣΦ Submit Request Answer Provide Feedback ? K Nextarrow_forward4. I've assembled the following assortment of point charges (-4 μC, +6 μC, and +3 μC) into a rectangle, bringing them together from an initial situation where they were all an infinite distance away from each other. Find the electric potential at point "A" (marked by the X) and tell me how much work it would require to bring a +10.0 μC charge to point A if it started an infinite distance away (assume that the other three charges remains fixed). 300 mm -4 UC "A" 0.400 mm +6 UC +3 UC 5. It's Friday night, and you've got big party plans. What will you do? Why, make a capacitor, of course! You use aluminum foil as the plates, and since a standard roll of aluminum foil is 30.5 cm wide you make the plates of your capacitor each 30.5 cm by 30.5 cm. You separate the plates with regular paper, which has a thickness of 0.125 mm and a dielectric constant of 3.7. What is the capacitance of your capacitor? If you connect it to a 12 V battery, how much charge is stored on either plate? =arrow_forwardLearning Goal: To understand the meaning and the basic applications of pV diagrams for an ideal gas. As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are described by the equation pV = nRT, where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas, PV T = constant. One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant, it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas: At least one more parameter would also change. For instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change. To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a graph showing one parameter as a function of the other. Although there are many choices of axes, the most common one is a plot of pressure as a function of volume: a pV diagram. In this problem, you…arrow_forward
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