Interpretation:
A stepwise procedure with equations to show how to separate a mixture of
Concept Introduction:
Separation of the components of a mixture of organic compounds is based on the difference in their solubility in water and an organic solvent immiscible with water.
Advantage is taken of the difference in solubility of a basic (or acidic) compound and its conjugate base (or acid) in water.
Conjugate base of an acid or conjugate acid of a base are salts. Their ionic nature leads to a higher solubility in water as compared to a non-polar (or weakly polar) organic solvent. They are extracted into the aqueous phase containing an acid or a base from the solution of the mixture in a suitable organic solvent such as diethyl ether.
The base or the acid can then be recovered from the aqueous phase by neutralizing the conjugate acid (or base) with a strong base such as sodium hydroxide (or a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid). The recovered base (or acid) being insoluble separates out.
A neutral compound remains in ether solution (organic phase) from which it can be recovered by allowing ether to evaporate.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
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