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Using the explanation of unbalanced forces as the source of surface tension, justify why it requires energy to increase the surface area of a liquid. Is there any circumstance in which energy is given off when increasing a liquid’s surface area?
Interpretation:
The reason as to why unbalanced forces require energy to increase the surface area of a liquid is to be stated. If there is any circumstance in which energy is given off on increasing the surface area of a liquid is to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
The atoms or molecules at the surface of the liquid are considered as a film. The atoms or molecules in bulk imply a force on the atoms or molecules at the surface of the liquid and tends to minimize the surface area of the liquid. This phenomenon is known as the surface tension of the liquid.
Answer to Problem 22.1E
If amount of force is
The
Explanation of Solution
Different unbalanced forces act at the surface, so to increase the surface area of liquid, some work will be done against these unbalanced forces. If the amount of force is
The
There are some situations in which energy is released by increasing the surface area. This occurs when the attraction between the interfaces is more than the attraction between molecules. This will cause a negative surface tension. An example of negative surface tension is capillary action.
If amount of force is
The
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
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