Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 14TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The possibility of gene flow between the intermediate populations at the two ends of a ring species is eliminated if they become extinct. The remaining populations might further, be identified as full species.
Introduction:
The plant and animal species residing in a ring-shaped geographical area surrounding an uninhabitable area produce a ring species. The adjacent populations can interbreed among themselves but there is no direct gene flow between the distant populations. The populations that can mate with each other are called intermediary populations.
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the choices are homogenization and speciation for all three
Species Concepts Review
The Baltimore Orioles and Black-backed Orioles species complex has conflicting evidence in
support of each being their own species and in support of them being the same species. Review
the evidence below for each hypothesis, then, using that evidence, explain whether they should
be classified as distinct or the same species based on each species concept. Then, using the
overall evidence, decide whether to classify them as the same or different species.
Genetic Information (In the Species Concepts lab, we used a "controversial" 10% cutoff. A more
realistic cutoff might be 1%. Let's use a 1% cutoff for this activity.)
Sequence Differences
Baltimore Oriole vs Black-
backed Oriole
Cytochrome b
0.26%
Control region
0.74%
2A. Based on the genetic information above, should the Baltimore Oriole and Black-backed
Oriole be classified as one species or two species?
What are examples for gene flow? Select all that apply
A distinct population of iguana drift to a new island that is already inhabited by members
of the same species.
A small population of humans colonizes a newly formed island.
A fire drastically reduces the size of a white-tailed deer population. The remaining
individuals spread out throughout the remaining forest.
Wind blows pollen from one population of plants to another and cross-fertilization
occurs.
n
An earthquake results in the formation of a canyon, splitting a population of toads apart.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 22.1 - How do the morphological, biological, and...Ch. 22.1 - What is clinical variation?Ch. 22.2 - What is the difference between prezygotic and...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 22.3 - Why might insects from different host races be...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 22.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 22 - The biological species concept defines species on...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 22 - A characteristic that exhibits smooth changes in...Ch. 22 - Prezygotic is isolating mechanisms: a. reduce the...Ch. 22 - In the model of allopatric speciation, the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 22 - If two species of holly (genus Ilex) flower during...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 22 - An animal breeder, attempting to cross a llama...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 22 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking How do human...Ch. 22 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 22 - David Hills of Baylor University noted that three...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Distinct species that are able to interbreed in nature are said to “hybridize,” and their offspring are called “hybrids.” The gray oak and the Gambel oak can mate to produce fertile hybrids in regions where they co-occur. However, the gene flow in nature is sufficiently limited that, overall, the two species remain phenotypically distinct. If the hybrid offspring survive well and reproduce to the extent that there is a large population of hybrid individuals that breed between themselves but do not interbreed with either of the two original parent species (the gray and the Gambel), which of the following would you say most likely led to the new hybrid species?(a) prezygotic reproductive barriers (b) sympatric speciation (c) allopatric speciation (d) postzygotic reproductive barriers (e) none of the abovearrow_forwardExplain the type of speciation (allopatric, parapatric, or sympatric) most likely to occur under each of the following conditions: A. A pregnant female rat is transported by an ocean liner to a new continent. B. A meadow containing several species of grasses is exposed to a pesticide that promotes nondisjunction. C. In a very large lake containing several species of fish, the water level gradually falls over the course of several years. Eventually, the large lake becomes subdivided into smaller lakes, some of which are connected by narrow streams.arrow_forwardOver time, enough genetic variations can develop within a population to cause it to undergo speciation. Identify the various mechanisms that will prevent different species from being able to reproduce successfully. Which of these mechanisms is the most influential in keeping species sperate?arrow_forward
- If the phylogenetic species concept (PSC) were used to define species, rather than the biological species concept (BSC), how might that change the estimates of species diversity (numbers of species) on a worldwide basis? True or False: Estimates of species diversity are likely to change if the PSC is used. In particular, one would expect the number of species to increase. This is because individuals from divergent allopatric populations that can potentially interbreed would belong to the same species under the BSC. These same organisms would be classified as members of different species under the PSC.arrow_forwardThe Forbes sea star and common sea star are broadcast spawners that are known to hybridize, yet they exist as separate, genetically distinct species (unique branches on the tree of life). One mechanism that may contribute to their uniqueness is prezygotic reproductive isolation, which is the incompatibility of gametes (sperm and eggs) from separate species. We know they hybridize, so the eggs and sperm are compatible, but could gametes from the different species be less compatible than the gametes from each individual species? Harper & Hart (2005) addressed this question in a series of cross-fertilization experiments. Did they find evidence that gametes ‘preferred’ to cross with gametes of the same species? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardDecide whether each of the following scenarios would lead to prezygotic or postzygotic reproductive isolation: a) Dragonflies from two different populations have genitals that do not match, so they can't mate successfully [Select ] b) Two different species of fish have very different courtship displays, but they can mate and produce a non-fertile offspring [Select] c) One species of plant flowers in the winter, while another flowers in early spring [ Select ] d) The gametes of two tree species can fuse, but a zygote does not form [ Select ] e) A mountain range separates two populations of snakes I Select]arrow_forward
- In the model shown below, discuss what kind of geographic barriers would have led to the finch speciation in the Galapagarrow_forwardWhich of these is an example of a key innovation? A caterpillar of a butterfly species provides honey to an ant colony in order to receive protection and care. A founding population of honeycreepers evolves beaks capable of cracking the seed of a tree species in their new habitat. A new flower color morph arises in a plant population, but an associated pollinator does not distinguish flowers by color. Co-occurring diploid species of wheat and goatgrass hybridize to form a viable tetraploid offspring that can no longer breed with its parents.arrow_forwardIf a goose with genotype Aa had migrated instead of the goose with genotype aa, would the scenario still be considered gene flow? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- In either a secondary or a primary hybrid zone, what do the graphs above indicate about the relative fitnesses of the hybrid toads away from the 0 kilometer site on the cline? Why?arrow_forwardConsider this example. Shorebirds on the Eastern coast of North America feed on the mollusks and tiny crabs along the shore. Birds with tougher beaks are better adapted to crack open the shells of the mollusks, and birds with sharper beaks are better adapted to pierce the shells of crabs. Over time, the shorebirds become two separate species that no longer breed with one another. What type of speciation has occurred? A. Sympatric speciation B. Adaptive speciation C. Microevolution speciation D. Allopatric speciationarrow_forwardTry to outline a scenario explaining the evolution of the three species shown in panel g. Use migration, mutation, genetic drift, selection, reproductive isolation, gene flow, extinction, and many generations in your scenario. Based on your scenario, what are the components that are necessary in a population in order for it to split or diverge into two new daughter species from a single ancestor (the parent species)?arrow_forward
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