Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The individuals of a population display genotypic and
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Two very similar cricket species in the Amazon basin occur on opposite sides of the Amazon river (crickets can’t swim). What type of speciation process probably caused them to split into two forms?
Group of answer choices
a. sympatric
b. allopatric
c. reinforcement
d. fusion
e. stable hybrid zone
Allopatric, but not sympatric, speciation requiresa. reproductive isolation.b. geographic isolation.c. spontaneous differences in males and females.d. prior hybridization.e. rapid rate of mutation.
Problems with the biological species concept include the fact that
a. many species reproduce asexually.
b. postzygotic isolating mechanisms decrease hybrid viability.
c. prezygotic isolating mechanisms are extremely rare.
d. All of the choices are correct.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 22.1 - How do the morphological, biological, and...Ch. 22.1 - What is clinical variation?Ch. 22.2 - What is the difference between prezygotic and...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 22.3 - Why might insects from different host races be...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 22.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 22 - The biological species concept defines species on...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 22 - A characteristic that exhibits smooth changes in...Ch. 22 - Prezygotic is isolating mechanisms: a. reduce the...Ch. 22 - In the model of allopatric speciation, the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 22 - If two species of holly (genus Ilex) flower during...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 22 - An animal breeder, attempting to cross a llama...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 22 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking How do human...Ch. 22 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 22 - David Hills of Baylor University noted that three...
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- Which of the following is an example of postzygotic reproductive isolation?a. Sperm of species A dies in the oviduct of species B before fertilization can take place.b. Hybrid zygotes between species A and B are spontaneously aborted early indevelopment.c. The mating seasons of species A and B do not overlap.d. Males of species A are not attracted to the pheromones produced by the females ofspecies B.arrow_forwardThe first step leading to allopatric speciation is (a) hybrid inviability (b) hybrid breakdown (c) adaptive radiation (d) geographic isolation (e) paedomorphosisarrow_forwardFor each of the following indicate whether it is true of "A" Allopatric Speciation, "S" Sympatric Speciation, "B" Both allopatric and sympatric speciation, or "N" neither allopatric nor sympatric speciation. a. Involves the isolation of a sub-population as a result of a geographical barrier. b. Involves the reduction or elimination of gene flow between sub-populations. c. May occur rapidly (in a single generation) due to non-disjunction. d. Is enhanced by frequent random mating among sub-populations. e. May be initiated by differential habitat preference among members of a large population.arrow_forward
- Options are a. Hybrid offspring. b. Speciation c. Adaptive radiation. d. Mechanical isolation.arrow_forward. Examining how populations lead to new lineages that arise based on alterations to allelic frequency and gametic exchange of new alleles is investigating ________________ a) macroevolution b) microevolution c) community ecology d) ecological species concept 2. Is this population evolving? 100 hawks, 2 alleles for eye color green to blue EyeG EyeG, EyeGEyeB, EyeB EyeB ; 20 EGEG, 70 EGEB , 10 EBEB A yes B no C not enough information to calculate thisarrow_forwardIdentify each of the following reproductive barriers as prezygotic or postzygotic. a. One lilac species lives on acidic soil, another on basic soil. b. Mallard and pintail ducks mate at different times of the year. c. Two species of leopard frogs have different mating calls. d. Hybrid offspring of two species of jimsonweed always die before reproducing. e. Pollen of one kind of pine tree cannot fertilize another kind.arrow_forward
- Two populations of wildflower are found in the same meadow, and genetic analysis indicates that they descended from a common ancestor that arrived to the meadow several hundred years ago. However, one population only produces flowers and pollen in the early summer, the other only produces flowers and pollen in the fall. Is this an example of: a. Sympatric speciation maintained by prezygotic RIM x Allopatric speciation maintained by postzygotic RIM Allopatric speciation maintained by prezygotic RIM d. Sympatric speciation maintained by postzygotic RIM barrow_forwardMatch the following statements with the appropriate term The terms are: a.Genetic polymorphism b. Stabilizing selection c. Directional selection d.gene flow e. Vestigial f.heterochrony g. Cline i. Polyploidy j. genetic drift L. Natural selection m. Sexual dimorphism n. Adaptation o. Homology p. Convergence q. Disruptive selection Match the following statements with the appropriate term random fluctuation in gene pool (e.g., bottleneck & founder effect) Answer 1 mutational change that results in individuals with more than two sets of chromosomes, sometimes leading to a distinct species Answer 2 when adult males and adult females of the same species differ in their physical appearance Answer 3 similar adaptations resulting from a common ancestor (for example, all canines have long snouts because their common ancestor did, too). Answer 4 genetic input from other populations Answer 5 favours intermediate variants by acting against both extremes Answer 6 accumulation of…arrow_forwardExplain the type of speciation (allopatric, parapatric, or sympatric) most likely to occur under each of the following conditions: A. A pregnant female rat is transported by an ocean liner to a new continent. B. A meadow containing several species of grasses is exposed to a pesticide that promotes nondisjunction. C. In a very large lake containing several species of fish, the water level gradually falls over the course of several years. Eventually, the large lake becomes subdivided into smaller lakes, some of which are connected by narrow streams.arrow_forward
- Which of the following examples refers to microevolution? A.In a population of mice, individuals with dark fur are cryptic against the dark soil in their habitat and have higher fitness. Many generations later, the proportion of the population with the allele for dark fur has increased B. Two populations of the same species are reproductively isolated (no allels/individual , moving between the populations) Over many generations they become so different that they diverge into separate species C.In a population of lizards, a random event causes one allele to be lost from the population. So, future generations have a lower proportion (zero) of that alele.arrow_forwardA pair of birds flies to a deserted island and establishes a colony. Over time, this population evolves into a new species. This is an example of a. allopatric speciation. c. sympatric speciation. b. parapatric speciation. d. all of the above.arrow_forwardTwo morphological variants in a population of medium ground finch on the Galapagos Islands have been found to exist. Individuals of each variant respond more strongly to songs produced by the same variant, and prefer to mate with individuals of their own morphological variant. What type of speciation could be in progress, and what measurements could inform the extent of prezygotic reproductive barriers that have developed? A. Sympatric speciation by sexual selection; survival and reproductive success of hybrids of the two morphological variants. B. Allopatric speciation by habitat differentiation; survival and reproductive success of hybrids of the two morphological variants. C. Sympatric speciation by sexual selection; frequencies of mating and numbers of viable offspring of the two morphological variants. D. Allopatric speciation by habitat differentiation; frequencies of mating and numbers of viable offspring of the two morphological variants.arrow_forward
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