Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 9TYK
An animal breeder, attempting to cross a llama with an alpaca for finer wool, found that the hybrid offspring rarely lived more than a few weeks. This outcome probably resulted from:
a. genetic drift.
b. prezygotic reproductive isolation.
c. postzygotic reproductive isolation.
d. sympatric
e. polyploidy.
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If reinforcement is weak and hybrids are not completely infertile,
a. genetic divergence between populations may be overcome by gene flow.
b. speciation will occur 100% of the time.
c. gene flow between populations will be impossible.
d. the speciation will be more likely than if hybrids were completely infertile.
Assume you are studying two species of lizard that occur in sympatry. In allopatry, Lizard Species A is dark brown but in sympatry is black in color. In allopatry, Lizard Species B is brown but in sympatry is light brown. This example is best described as which of the following?
a.
Postzygotic Isolation
b.
Character displacement
c.
Sympatric speciation
d.
Genetic incompatibility
e.
Hybridization
If two species of holly (genus Ilex ) flower during different months, their gene pools may be kept separate by:
a. mechanical isolation.
b. ecological isolation.
c. gametic isolation.
d. temporal isolation.
e. behavioral isolation.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 22.1 - How do the morphological, biological, and...Ch. 22.1 - What is clinical variation?Ch. 22.2 - What is the difference between prezygotic and...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 22.3 - Why might insects from different host races be...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 22.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 22 - The biological species concept defines species on...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 22 - A characteristic that exhibits smooth changes in...Ch. 22 - Prezygotic is isolating mechanisms: a. reduce the...Ch. 22 - In the model of allopatric speciation, the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 22 - If two species of holly (genus Ilex) flower during...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 22 - An animal breeder, attempting to cross a llama...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 22 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking How do human...Ch. 22 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 22 - David Hills of Baylor University noted that three...
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- Which of the following statement about the outcome of the evolution of a new species through hybridization is false? a.The new species may have traits that allow it to inhibit environments different from both parental species. b.The new species is always an intermediate of the two parental species c.The new species may have greater genetic diversity and greater trait diversity than the parental species. d.None of the above What are the two ways of looking into evolution in detail? a.Micro frequency change and ascent with modification b.Genotypic and phenotypic modification c.DNA frequency change and inheritance modification d.Allele frequency change and descent with modification Natural selection increases the frequencies of advantageous alleles and decreases deleterious alleles' frequencies. What are the three categories of natural selection depending on the favored traits? a.Directive, selective and native b.Indicative, normative and fixative c.Directional, stabilizing and…arrow_forwardHybridization between incompletely isolated populations a. always leads to reinforcement due to the inferiority of hybrids. b. can serve as a mechanism for preserving gene flow between populations, thus preventing speciation. c. only occurs in plants. d. never affects rates of speciation.arrow_forwardA defining characteristic of sympatric speciation is a.The appearance of new species in the midst of old ones b.Asexually reproducing populations c.Geographic isolation. d.Large populationsarrow_forward
- Which of the following is not an event that can contribute to allopatric speciation? a. A mountain range forms and splits two populations into populations that begin to turn into new species. b. A subset of individuals disperse to a far away island and begin to turn into a new species. c. Two populations breed in the same location but at different times, and therefore begin to turn into two new species. d. A river splits a population into two populations and the two populations begin to diverge on either side of the river. e. All of these are potential contributors to allopatric speciation.arrow_forwardClimate change and glacial advances during the Pleistocene ice age (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) split the ranges of several North American bird species into western and eastern populations. The western and eastern populations eventually diverged into two species. What is this an example of? A. Allopatric speciation following dispersal B. Allopatric speciation via vicariance C. Sympatric speciation due to balancing selection D. Sympatric speciation via autopolyploidy E. Sympatric speciation via allopolyploidyarrow_forwardWhich of the following would be a good example of premating reproductive isolation? A. Cross-fertilizations between the gray treefrogs, Hyla versicolor and H. chrysoscelis result in a high degree of mortality prior to hatching of hybrid eggs. B. The mule, a hybrid between horses and donkeys is viable, but sterile. C. Males of H. versicolor produce an advertisement call with a much slower pulse rate than males of H. chrysoscelis and females use pulse rate differences to avoid mating with the wrong species. D. Hybrid offspring are produced from matings between leopard frogs and green frogs, but usually die before the tadpoles metamorphose into froglets.arrow_forward
- Which of the following may be true of two species that are a result of allopatric speciation? Select all that apply. a They will be genotypically similar. b They will be phenotypically similar. c They can produce viable offspring. d They will be geographically isolated.arrow_forwardWould each of the following examples of reproductive isolation be considered a prezygotic or postzygotic mechanism? A. Horses and donkeys can interbreed to produce mules, but the mules are infertile. B. Three species of the orchid genus Dendrobium produce flowers 8 days, 9 days, and 11 days after a rainstorm. The flowers remain open for 1 day. C. Two species of fish release sperm and eggs into seawater at the same time, but the sperm of one species do not fertilize the eggs of the other species. D. Two tree frogs, Hyla chrysoscelis (diploid) and Hyla versicolor (tetraploid), can produce viable offspring, but the offspring are sterile.arrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following conditions would tend to cause speciation to occur faster (F), or if it would tend to slow down or prevent speciation (S). Put either an F or an S in each box. A. a small sub-group of a population becomes geographically isolated from the main population and experiences new environmental conditions B. a large population of herbivores lives in an environmental where the conditions have remained stable over a long period of time C. a colony of monkeys clinging to floating debris is washed out to sea by a storm and lands on an island with diverse habitats, abundant food, but without any other primates D. a large population of a migratory species splits up every year and takes different routes to their common mating territoryarrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT true for the speciation of finches in the Galapagos islands? A. Natural selection acted on beak shape, and resulted in different beak morphologies for different food sources. B. Assortative mating reinforced existing divergence between birds. C. Speciation of finches started by birds starting to specialize on different food sources. D. Speciation of finches on the same island is due to allopatric speciation.arrow_forwardA mountain range divides a freshwater snail species into two large isolated populations. Erosion eventually lowers the range and brings the two populations together again, but when they mate, the resulting hybrids all produce sterile young. This scenario is an example of: O A. allopatric speciation by vicariance. O B. sympatric speciation. C. parapatric speciation. D. allopatric speciation by peripheral isolation. « » A Moving to another question will save this response. 8:02 AM 11/10/20 a 18 hp 近arrow_forwardWhich of the following could result in allopatric speciation? A. Two populations of a species are separated by a river that they are unable to cross. B. Two populations of a species are separated by a field that is too dry during the summertime. C. One group within a population mates during the evenings and another during the mornings. D. One group within a population develops a new mating ritual that is not recognized by the other.arrow_forward
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