Various thermochemical cycles are being explored as possible sources of
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Chapter 22 Solutions
GENERAL CHEMISTRY-MOD.MASTERINGCHEM.
- The decomposition of ozone, O3, to oxygen, O2, is an exothermic reaction. What is the sign of q? If you were to touch a flask in which ozone is decomposing to oxygen, would you expect the flask to feel warm or cool?arrow_forwardThe formation of aluminum oxide from its elements is highly exothermic. If 2.70 g Al metal is burned in pure O2 to give A12O3, calculate how much thermal energy is evolved in the process (at constant pressure).arrow_forwardThe combustion of methane can be represented as follows: a. Use the information given above to determine the value of H for the combustion of methane to form CO2(g) and 2H2O(l). b. What is Hf for an element in its standard state? Why is this? Use the figure above to support your answer. c. How does H for the reaction CO2(g) + 2H2O (1) CH4(g) + O2(g) compare to that of the combustion of methane? Why is this?arrow_forward
- Shown below is a diagram depicting the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction run at constant pressure. a Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? b What is the sign of H? c What is the sign of q? d If the reaction does no work, what is the sign of E for this process?arrow_forwardGasohol, a mixture of gasoline and ethanol, C2H5OH, is used as automobile fuel. The alcohol releases energy in a combustion reaction with O2. C2H5OH(l)+3O2(g)2CO2(g)+3H2O(l) If 0.115 g ethanol evolves 3.62 kJ when burned at constant pressure, calculate the combustion enthalpy for ethanol.arrow_forwardOxygen was first prepared by Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) by heating HgO. Use data in Appendix L to estimate the temperature required to decompose HgO(s) into Hg() and O2(g).arrow_forward
- Consider the following reaction: CH4(g)+2O2(g)CO2(g)+2H2O(l)H=891KJ Calculate the enthalpy change for each of the following cases: a. 1.00 g methane ics burned in excess oxygen. b. 1.00 103 L methane gas at 740. torr and 25C are burned in excess oxygen. The density of CH4(g) at these conditions is 0.639 g/L.arrow_forwardCoal is used as a fuel in some electric-generating plants. Coal is a complex material, but for simplicity we may consider it to be a form of carbon. The energy that can be derived from a fuel is sometimes compared with the enthalpy of the combustion reaction: C(s)+O2(g)CO2(g) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction at 25C. Actually, only a fraction of the heat from this reaction is available to produce electric energy. In electric generating plants, this reaction is used to generate heat for a steam engine, which turns the generator. Basically the steam engine is a type of heat engine in which steam enters the engine at high temperature (Th), work is done, and the steam then exits at a lower temperature (Tl). The maximum fraction, f, of heat available to produce useful energy depends on the difference between these temperatures (expressed in kelvins), f = (Th Tl)/Th. What is the maximum heat energy available for useful work from the combustion of 1.00 mol of C(s) to CO2(g)? (Assume the value of H calculated at 25C for the heat obtained in the generator.) It is possible to consider more efficient ways to obtain useful energy from a fuel. For example, methane can be burned in a fuel cell to generate electricity directly. The maximum useful energy obtained in these cases is the maximum work, which equals the free-energy change. Calculate the standard free-energy change for the combustion of 1.00 mol of C(s) to CO2(g). Compare this value with the maximum obtained with the heat engine described here.arrow_forwardThe equation for the combustion of butane, C4H10, is C4H10(g)+132O2(g)4CO2(g)+5H2O(g) Which one of the following generates the least heat? Why? a Burning one mole of butane b Reacting one mole of oxygen with excess butane c Producing one mole of carbon dioxide by burning butane d Producing one mole of water by burning butanearrow_forward
- Using data from Appendix 4, calculate H, S and G for the following reactions that produce acetic acid: Which reaction would you choose as a commercial method for producing acetic acid (CH3CO2H) at standard conditions? What temperature conditions would you choose for the reaction? Assume H and S do not depend on temperature.arrow_forwardUsing the data in Appendix G, calculate the standard enthalpy change for each of the following reactions: (a) Si(s)+2F2(g)SiF4(g) (b) 2C(s)+2H2(g)+O2(g)CH3CO2H(l) (c) CH4(g)+N2(g)HCN(g)+NH3(g) ; (d) CS2(g)+3Cl2(g)CCl4(g)+S2Cl2(g)arrow_forwardIndicate which state function is equal to heat, q, for each process described. a. The ignition of a sample in a bomb calorimeter, an unyielding, heavy metal chamberin which samples are burned for heat content analysis b.The melting of an icecube in a cup c.The cooling down ofthe inside of arefrigerator d.A fire in a fireplacearrow_forward
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