The mechanism for the base-catalyzed conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose and D-mannose has to be written. Concept Introduction: In the conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose the base is required as a catalyst. Therefore, such reactions are called base catalyzed reactions. The base first removes a proton from carbon position 1 and forms an enolate ion. The enolate ion is further protonated by the other proton. That proton comes from the top or from the bottom of the planar sp 2 -hybridized carbon.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21.5, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the base-catalyzed conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose and D-mannose has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

In the conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose the base is required as a catalyst. Therefore, such reactions are called base catalyzed reactions. The base first removes a proton from carbon position 1 and forms an enolate ion. The enolate ion is further protonated by the other proton. That proton comes from the top or from the bottom of the planar sp2-hybridized carbon.

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Consider the reactants below. Answer the following questions about the reaction mechanism and products. HO Cl

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The electrons flow from the electron-rich atoms of the nucleophile to the electrons poor atoms of the alkyl halide. Identify the electron rich in the nucleophile. Enter the element symbol only, do not include any changes.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21.5, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the base-catalyzed conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose and D-mannose has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

In the conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose the base is required as a catalyst. Therefore, such reactions are called base catalyzed reactions. The base first removes a proton from carbon position 1 and forms an enolate ion. The enolate ion is further protonated by the other proton. That proton comes from the top or from the bottom of the planar sp2-hybridized carbon.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21.5, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the base-catalyzed conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose and D-mannose has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

In the conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose the base is required as a catalyst. Therefore, such reactions are called base catalyzed reactions. The base first removes a proton from carbon position 1 and forms an enolate ion. The enolate ion is further protonated by the other proton. That proton comes from the top or from the bottom of the planar sp2-hybridized carbon.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21.5, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction