Chapter 21.9, Problem 18P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds $\text{A, B,}\text{}\text{C,}\text{and}\text{D}$ are to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Monosaccharides are made from the biomolecules that comprise carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms.  The disaccharides and polysaccharides further formed from monosaccharide units.

Aldohexoses comprise six carbon atoms along with one aldehyde group in the compounds.  The numbers of isomers are obtained from these biomolecules due to the chiral nature of carbon atoms.

Chiral molecules are those molecules that consist of different groups or atoms around the central atom.  Optical activity of compounds relies upon the chirality.  Only those compounds can rotate light that possess chiral centers.

Isomers are those compounds that have a same molecular formula but the different arrangement of atoms, groups or substituent's in a compound

Aldaric acids are the dicarboxylic acids in which hydroxyl groups are attached to each carbon atom in the compounds.