The structures of two five-membered-ring lactones are to be drawn. Concept Introduction: The aldaric acid of D-glucose forms two five membered-ring lactones. Aldaric acid, also known as saccharic acid is a poly hydroxy dicarboxylic acid that is formally produced by the oxidation of aldose at both terminals. Aldaric acids are synthesized by the process of oxidation of aldose with nitric acid. These are also called sugar acids. In these acids terminal hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of the sugars have been replaced by terminal carboxylic acids and are characterized by the formula COOH − ( CHOH ) n − COOH . Here, n is the number of carbon units present in the chain other than terminal carbons. Lactones are cyclic compounds. These are formed by intramolecular esterification of the corresponding Saccharide units.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of two five-membered-ring lactones are to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The aldaric acid of D-glucose forms two five membered-ring lactones.

Aldaric acid, also known as saccharic acid is a poly hydroxy dicarboxylic acid that is formally produced by the oxidation of aldose at both terminals. Aldaric acids are synthesized by the process of oxidation of aldose with nitric acid. These are also called sugar acids.

In these acids terminal hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of the sugars have been replaced by terminal carboxylic acids and are characterized by the formula COOH−(CHOH)n−COOH. Here, n is the number of carbon units present in the chain other than terminal carbons.

Lactones are cyclic compounds. These are formed by intramolecular esterification of the corresponding Saccharide units.

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1. Answer the questions about the following reaction: (a) Draw in the arrows that can be used make this reaction occur and draw in the product of substitution in this reaction. Be sure to include any relevant stereochemistry in the product structure. + SK F Br + (b) In which solvent would this reaction proceed the fastest (Circle one) Methanol Acetone (c) Imagine that you are working for a chemical company and it was your job to perform a similar reaction to the one above, with the exception of the S atom in this reaction being replaced by an O atom. During the reaction, you observe the formation of three separate molecules instead of the single molecule obtained above. What is the likeliest other products that are formed? Draw them in the box provided.

3. For the reactions below, draw the arrows corresponding to the transformations and draw in the boxes the reactants or products as indicated. Note: Part A should have arrows drawn going from the reactants to the middle structure and the arrows on the middle structure that would yield the final structure. For part B, you will need to draw in the reactant before being able to draw the arrows corresponding to product formation. A. B. Rearrangement ΘΗ

2. Draw the arrows required to make the following reactions occur. Please ensure your arrows point from exactly where you want to exactly where you want. If it is unclear from where arrows start or where they end, only partial credit will be given. Note: You may need to draw in lone pairs before drawing the arrows. A. B. H-Br 人 C Θ CI H Cl Θ + Br O

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of two five-membered-ring lactones are to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The aldaric acid of D-glucose forms two five membered-ring lactones.

Aldaric acid, also known as saccharic acid is a poly hydroxy dicarboxylic acid that is formally produced by the oxidation of aldose at both terminals. Aldaric acids are synthesized by the process of oxidation of aldose with nitric acid. These are also called sugar acids.

In these acids terminal hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of the sugars have been replaced by terminal carboxylic acids and are characterized by the formula COOH−(CHOH)n−COOH. Here, n is the number of carbon units present in the chain other than terminal carbons.

Lactones are cyclic compounds. These are formed by intramolecular esterification of the corresponding Saccharide units.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of two five-membered-ring lactones are to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The aldaric acid of D-glucose forms two five membered-ring lactones.

Aldaric acid, also known as saccharic acid is a poly hydroxy dicarboxylic acid that is formally produced by the oxidation of aldose at both terminals. Aldaric acids are synthesized by the process of oxidation of aldose with nitric acid. These are also called sugar acids.

In these acids terminal hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of the sugars have been replaced by terminal carboxylic acids and are characterized by the formula COOH−(CHOH)n−COOH. Here, n is the number of carbon units present in the chain other than terminal carbons.

Lactones are cyclic compounds. These are formed by intramolecular esterification of the corresponding Saccharide units.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 53P

Interpretation Introduction