Chapter 21, Problem 66A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The characteristics of chiral substance needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Two mirror image representations are possible for a molecule having chiral center in its structure. If the mirror images are non-superimposable to each other then, they are said to be optical isomers.

Explanation of Solution

A molecule is said to be chiral molecule when all the attached groups to central carbon atom are different and lacks in plane of symmetry in the molecule. The molecules having chiral centres show optical isomerism as there are two mirror image representations possible for a molecule having chiral center in its structure and if the mirror images are non-superimposable to each other then, they are said to be optical isomers.

On passing a polarized light through a sample cell containing optical isomer, one isomer will rotate the light in one direction, whereas the second isomer will rotate the light in other direction. The rotation of light is clockwise when the isomer is D-isomer whereas for L-isomer, the rotation of light is counter-clockwise.

No rotation in polarized light is observed when there is an equal or racemic mixture of optical isomers are present that results in cancelling the rotation out.