The hydrolysis of an ester can be sped up by both acidic and basic conditions. Aminolysis of an ester can be sped up by acidic conditions, but not by basic conditions. It is to be explained why. Concept introduction: In an acid catalyzed hydrolysis or aminolysis, the esters get protonated and thus easily get attacked by weak nucleophiles like water and amine . In a base catalyzed reaction, it is necessary to convert the weak nucleophile to a good nucleophile by deprotonation.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydrolysis of an ester can be sped up by both acidic and basic conditions. Aminolysis of an ester can be sped up by acidic conditions, but not by basic conditions. It is to be explained why.

Concept introduction:

In an acid catalyzed hydrolysis or aminolysis, the esters get protonated and thus easily get attacked by weak nucleophiles like water and amine. In a base catalyzed reaction, it is necessary to convert the weak nucleophile to a good nucleophile by deprotonation.

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First image: I have to explain why the molecule C is never formed in these conditions Second image: I have to propose a synthesis for the lactone A

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydrolysis of an ester can be sped up by both acidic and basic conditions. Aminolysis of an ester can be sped up by acidic conditions, but not by basic conditions. It is to be explained why.

Concept introduction:

In an acid catalyzed hydrolysis or aminolysis, the esters get protonated and thus easily get attacked by weak nucleophiles like water and amine. In a base catalyzed reaction, it is necessary to convert the weak nucleophile to a good nucleophile by deprotonation.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydrolysis of an ester can be sped up by both acidic and basic conditions. Aminolysis of an ester can be sped up by acidic conditions, but not by basic conditions. It is to be explained why.

Concept introduction:

In an acid catalyzed hydrolysis or aminolysis, the esters get protonated and thus easily get attacked by weak nucleophiles like water and amine. In a base catalyzed reaction, it is necessary to convert the weak nucleophile to a good nucleophile by deprotonation.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydrolysis of an ester can be sped up by both acidic and basic conditions. Aminolysis of an ester can be sped up by acidic conditions, but not by basic conditions. It is to be explained why.

Concept introduction:

In an acid catalyzed hydrolysis or aminolysis, the esters get protonated and thus easily get attacked by weak nucleophiles like water and amine. In a base catalyzed reaction, it is necessary to convert the weak nucleophile to a good nucleophile by deprotonation.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydrolysis of an ester can be sped up by both acidic and basic conditions. Aminolysis of an ester can be sped up by acidic conditions, but not by basic conditions. It is to be explained why.

Concept introduction:

In an acid catalyzed hydrolysis or aminolysis, the esters get protonated and thus easily get attacked by weak nucleophiles like water and amine. In a base catalyzed reaction, it is necessary to convert the weak nucleophile to a good nucleophile by deprotonation.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydrolysis of an ester can be sped up by both acidic and basic conditions. Aminolysis of an ester can be sped up by acidic conditions, but not by basic conditions. It is to be explained why.

Concept introduction:

In an acid catalyzed hydrolysis or aminolysis, the esters get protonated and thus easily get attacked by weak nucleophiles like water and amine. In a base catalyzed reaction, it is necessary to convert the weak nucleophile to a good nucleophile by deprotonation.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydrolysis of an ester can be sped up by both acidic and basic conditions. Aminolysis of an ester can be sped up by acidic conditions, but not by basic conditions. It is to be explained why.

Concept introduction:

In an acid catalyzed hydrolysis or aminolysis, the esters get protonated and thus easily get attacked by weak nucleophiles like water and amine. In a base catalyzed reaction, it is necessary to convert the weak nucleophile to a good nucleophile by deprotonation.

Answer 8

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Answer 9

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Answer 11

Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.1P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.5P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.6P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.9P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.10P

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Chapter 21 Solutions